Monroe L. Weber-Shirk S chool of Civil and Environmental Engineering Global Resources 

Outline ä Population ä Our Footprint ä Energy ä Transportation ä Water ä Population ä Our Footprint ä Energy ä Transportation ä Water

Population Pyramids (by country) ä Prediction of future population based on current population idbpyr.html

Urban Population Urban population is overtaking rural population Urban and Developed World footprints

The Footprint of the Developed World ä North America, Europe and parts of East Asia consume immense (unsustainable) quantities of energy and raw materials, and produce high volumes of wastes and polluting emissions… ä that cause environmental damage on a global scale (notably climate change) and widespread pollution and disruption of ecosystems, often in countries far removed from the site of consumption. ä Wealthy industrialized countries control pollution locally but the wider-scale impacts (apart from ozone depletion) have yet to be tackled effectively. ä North America, Europe and parts of East Asia consume immense (unsustainable) quantities of energy and raw materials, and produce high volumes of wastes and polluting emissions… ä that cause environmental damage on a global scale (notably climate change) and widespread pollution and disruption of ecosystems, often in countries far removed from the site of consumption. ä Wealthy industrialized countries control pollution locally but the wider-scale impacts (apart from ozone depletion) have yet to be tackled effectively.

Energy Consumption P"Peta" T"Tera" 10 9 G"Giga" 10 6 M"Mega" 10 3 k"kilo" P"Peta" T"Tera" 10 9 G"Giga" 10 6 M"Mega" 10 3 k"kilo" How much does a Gj of electricity cost? Energy conversions Energy conversions What are the energy costs per person?

Motor Vehicles ä Transport now accounts for ä _____ of world energy use ä _____ of the world's oil production ä motor vehicles account for nearly ___ % of all transport-related energy ä Transport ä is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions ä pollutes urban air ä uses substantial land ä degrades and fragments habitat ä Transport now accounts for ä _____ of world energy use ä _____ of the world's oil production ä motor vehicles account for nearly ___ % of all transport-related energy ä Transport ä is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions ä pollutes urban air ä uses substantial land ä degrades and fragments habitat 1/4 1/2 80

Freshwater ä The declining state of the world's freshwater resources, in terms of quantity and quality, may prove to be the dominant issue on the environment and development agenda of the coming century ä About 20 % of the world's population lacks access to safe drinking water and about 50 % lacks adequate sanitation ä Worldwide, polluted water is estimated to affect the health of about 1.2 billion people and to contribute to the death of about 15 million children under five every year (ICWE 1992). ä The declining state of the world's freshwater resources, in terms of quantity and quality, may prove to be the dominant issue on the environment and development agenda of the coming century ä About 20 % of the world's population lacks access to safe drinking water and about 50 % lacks adequate sanitation ä Worldwide, polluted water is estimated to affect the health of about 1.2 billion people and to contribute to the death of about 15 million children under five every year (ICWE 1992).

Measures of Poverty

Water Supply – Global Coverage in – 25% 26 – 50% 51 – 75% 76 – 90% 91 – 100% Missing data What do the countries with the poorest coverage share?

Water Supply in the Largest Cities Mean percentage of population with each type of service What are the implications of being “unserved?”

Treated Urban Wastewater

Our Global Priorities Annual ä 1.7 million children die from lack of clean water ä 5 million people die every year from water borne diseases. ä 180 million children are hungry ä 1.7 million children die from lack of clean water ä 5 million people die every year from water borne diseases. ä 180 million children are hungry

Goals for Sustainable Development Related to Water ä Ensure the adequate supply and efficient use of water for agricultural, industrial, urban and rural development ä Ensure adequate access of the poor majority to clean water for domestic use and small scale agriculture ä Ensure adequate protection of watersheds, aquifers and freshwater ecosystems and resources ä Ensure the adequate supply and efficient use of water for agricultural, industrial, urban and rural development ä Ensure adequate access of the poor majority to clean water for domestic use and small scale agriculture ä Ensure adequate protection of watersheds, aquifers and freshwater ecosystems and resources economic social environmental

The Challenge ä All population growth is expected to occur in developing nations ä Rural population is expected to stabilize at around 3.2 billion (from 2.97 billion today) ä The growing population will settle in urban areas. ä The challenge is to provided the basic infrastructure required by nearly 2 billion new urban residents in the developing world by ä All population growth is expected to occur in developing nations ä Rural population is expected to stabilize at around 3.2 billion (from 2.97 billion today) ä The growing population will settle in urban areas. ä The challenge is to provided the basic infrastructure required by nearly 2 billion new urban residents in the developing world by 2025.

Summary ä Global Human Population ä Resource Utilization ä Currently unsustainable ä Wealthy industrialized countries cause environmental damage on a global scale ä Unjust and likely basis of future conflicts ä Water ä Challenge of providing clean drinking water and treating wastewater as population grows, resources are stretched, and global climate changes ä Energy…Our information technology revolution will fail if it continues to run on coal and oil ä Global Human Population ä Resource Utilization ä Currently unsustainable ä Wealthy industrialized countries cause environmental damage on a global scale ä Unjust and likely basis of future conflicts ä Water ä Challenge of providing clean drinking water and treating wastewater as population grows, resources are stretched, and global climate changes ä Energy…Our information technology revolution will fail if it continues to run on coal and oil

Reflections ä Is it ethical to drive an SUV? ä Slash and burn world view ä Human propensity to focus on the wrongs of the other ä Rain forest destruction ä Is it ethical to drive an SUV? ä Slash and burn world view ä Human propensity to focus on the wrongs of the other ä Rain forest destruction

Energy Costs If all of our energy use was electricity our annual energy cost would be Electricity is the most expensive form of energy. We pay for our energy at many different places. Taxes, gasoline, firewood, anything we purchase!