SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Tesla Coil Show entertains COSMOS

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics SCIPP  Prof. Hartmut Sadrozinski Your Guests today  Prof. Terry Schalk  Dr. Lan Zhang, UCSC Post Doc.  Charlie Crummer, Laboratory Manager  Christian Flacco, UCSC Grad. student  Mr. S. Briber, Independence HS, San Jose

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Tesla Program n Introduction & Jacob's Ladder n Safety First n Corona: –Zorro’s Sword –Lights without Cords n How the Tesla Coil Works n Knight in Armor –Bolt to the face –Sparks from the feet n Chicken Coop ? n Who was Nikola Tesla? n Mystery Knight in Armor –Fighting Lightning

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Teaching, Research, Outreach HEP: Smallest Particles: Quarks C.M.: How do objects form and stay together? AstroPhysics Big objects in the sky: Stars, Black holes, Supernovae

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Galaxy DNA Cell Atom Nucleus Electron microscope Accelerator The size of the object and its distance tells me what kind of instrument I need to see it. Larger & Farther away Smaller & Harder to see A Physicist View of the Universe

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Professors and Students (and Teachers!) conduct research in the SCIPP Laboratories.

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Summer 2001: Teachers help launch a big Science Balloon Mr. Kliewer Prof. Schalk Dr. Dann Mr. Manildi Mr. Briber

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Balloon Flight, Chase and Recovery After 250 Miles across Texas at 130,000 ft, 50g crash, still works

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz n Normally you can't see, hear or smell electricity, but the Tesla Coil makes Bright sparks Bright sparks Loud crackling noise Loud crackling noise The air smell strange (Ozone) The air smell strange (Ozone) SAFETY FIRST! BRACE YOURSELF! 1 Million Volts! DANGER n Distance at least 20 ft. n Computers, Gameboys, CD players, telephones to the back of the room – unplugged, switched off! n Hearing aids off, pacemakers out of room!

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz ZorroZorro Drawing lightning with a sword

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Sparks to grounded sword What is happening with Zorro? Wire to safe ground What about those lights without cords? Electricity Moves Through the Air (you knew that, because you use a radio and TV)

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz High voltage sparks I: Jacob’s ladder R off: RJRJ R J >>R -> V J >>V R I=0 on: RJRJ R R J <<R I=V/(R J +R) R 14kV E=V J /d

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz primary transformer secondary transformer 110 VAC -> >=14kV C gets charged high V across S S C T P2S2 S breaks down C discharges through P2 resonant circuit (S,C,P2) virtual capacitor (T -> ground) resonant circuit (S2,T) energy transfer voltage gain : power transfer/sparks at  1 ( MHz) High voltage sparks II: Tesla coil

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz primary transformer secondary transformer S C T P2S2

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Voltage starts at 120 ends up at 1 million! Transformer 14,000 volt Outlet 120 volt Resonance circuit 1 million volt Summary of Tesla coil operation:

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Learn about Transformers Where have you seen this before? Power comes out at Volts Power goes in at 120 Volts Commercial Transformer, hooked up the “backwards” Commercial Transformer, hooked up the “backwards”

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Transformer 101: Energy (Power ) (at best! - heat, sound, motion!) conserved  I*V constant Primary (n1) and secondary (n2) share the Magnetic Flux  (use iron core!)  V1  n1*d  /dt  V2  n2*d  /dt  n2/n1* V1

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz We hear a lot about conserving Power (turn off lamps, air conditioners, close refrigerator doors...) Electrical Power is just converted wind, water, thermal power It is brought to your neighborhood on high voltage lines We hear a lot about conserving Power (turn off lamps, air conditioners, close refrigerator doors...) Electrical Power is just converted wind, water, thermal power It is brought to your neighborhood on high voltage lines Physics Principle: Transformer Power goes in at Volts Power comes out At 120 Volts and a transformer brings it down to 120V

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Transformation of Power GLAST SLAC n Power is used everywhere –Visit the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC): Electricity -> New particles Quarks Power is tranformed in Space Power is tranformed in Space Black holes explode : Black holes explode : – Material -> Light, x-rays, “jets” – SCIPP works on GLAST Mission: discover the most powerful “power plants” in the universe discover the most powerful “power plants” in the universe

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz ResonanceResonance That’s how a swing works: Match Resonance Frequency and In-Phase That’s how a swing works: Match Resonance Frequency and In-Phase In the Tesla “swing”, the kick is supplied by the Primary Coil, so it has to be tuned to the secondary circuit to be in resonance In the Tesla “swing”, the kick is supplied by the Primary Coil, so it has to be tuned to the secondary circuit to be in resonance

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Meet the Fighting Knight Fighting Lightning Bolt to the Head

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Lightning Jacob’s Ladder Corona Tesla Sparks are all related. Lightning Jacob’s Ladder Corona Tesla Sparks are all related. Principle:Air is made of molecules. When they are ionized, they become charged and can conduct a current like an electrical wire. If there is a large current, it heats up the air and makes light. Thus, the sparks, flames etc are direct evidence for the model of atoms! Electricity in Air

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz How lightning works – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – – Ground is safe!

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz The Faraday Cage Planes are close to the clouds and away from safe ground. Why aren’t they in grave danger from lightning? –– – – – – – –– – – – – Safest place during a lightning storm is in a plane or car because it is a Faraday Cage Answer: They form a “Faraday Cage” -- that is, they are surrounded by metal. Electricity flows around the outside of the metal, and anything inside is safe!

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz The “Chicken Coop” The World’s Ugliest Faraday Cage -- and it’s full of holes! But can it keep the lightning out? Does the chicken trust the equations? equations?

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Chicken Wire = Mostly Holes

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Thomas “DC” Edison Thomas “DC” Edison and his Batteries Nikola “AC” Tesla and his Generators vs. n Tesla Revival n 271 web sites are dedicated to Nikola Tesla n Join the “Tesla Coil Web Ring”

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz n Nikola Tesla as a Daredevil waiting for a hair cut? n Double Exposure makes it safe!

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Mystery Knight Who is afraid of Lightning? Not the Mystery Knight! Not the Mystery Knight!

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Electrical current flows on the OUTSIDE of a metal! Is the Mystery Knight OK?Let’s check! The armored suit is safe! n It's a Faraday Cage – no electric field allowed inside. Is the Mystery Knight OK?Let’s check! The armored suit is safe! n It's a Faraday Cage – no electric field allowed inside. Invisible current Visible sparks Ground 1 Million Volts Visible sparks

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Fysiks is Phun! Questions? Ask after the show, , visit… You find our coordinates on the web

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Pls. Fill out the Feedback Form Date…7/03/2002 School…COSMOS 1) 1) Teacher or Student (circle one) 2) Did you know anything about these demonstrations before you saw them? (If so how much?) 3) What did you learn from the demonstration? 4) What did you think worked well for you and what didn’t make any sense? 5) What suggestions do you have that might make this demonstration better? (that is easier to understand) 6) Did you have fun at this presentation? Whom will you tell about what you saw today? 7) Did this demonstration change your opinion about Science? 8) Any other comments?

SCIPP Tesla at COSMOS SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Say “Good bye” to Daniel Greenhouse, the brain behind the sparks He was an undergraduate at UC Santa Cruz. at UC Santa Cruz.