1. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Tesla Coil Show sparks Cosmos students

2. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz UCSC Physics & Institute for Particle Physics Introductions… Prof. Terry Schalk Stuart Briber HST James Dann HST SCIPP hs interns

3. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Tesla Program n Introduction & Jacob's Ladder n What physicists do… n Santa Cruz Outreach activities n Safety First n Corona: –Zorro’s Sword –Lights without Cords n How the Tesla Coil Works n Knight in Armor –Bolt to the face –Fighting Lightning n Facts about Lightning n Mystery Knight in Armor –Sparks from the feet

4. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Galaxy DNA Cell Atom Nucleus Electron microscope Accelerator The size of the object and its distance tells me what kind of instrument I need to see it. Larger & Farther away Smaller & Harder to see A Physicist’s View of the Universe Logarithmic Scale: every inch = factor 10

5. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Nucleus of an Atom

6. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Galaxy DNA Cell Atom Nucleus Electron microscope Accelerator The size of the object and its distance tells me what kind of instrument I need to see it. Larger & Farther away Smaller & Harder to see A Physicist’s View of the Universe Logarithmic Scale: every inch = factor 10

7. Your Cosmic History (an astronomer’s perspective) You! Protein molecules: Basic building blocks of life Earth and Sun: Home of the C,N,O atoms from which these protein molecules were assimilated Sun’s ancestral stars: Their nuclear fusion reactions produced these C,N,O atoms Galaxy: Large family of stars You are here! SUPERNOVAE!!!!

8. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz The Milky Way Galaxy and its Cousins Milky Way

9. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Teaching, Research, Outreach Particle Physics: Quarks, Gluons AstroPhysics Large objects in the sky Black holes, Supernovae SLAC Visit us.

10. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Teaching, Research, Outreach SCIPP OUTREACH: Tesla Tesla Coil at your School: “Zap your Teacher” Quarknet Invite H.S. teachers into our labs for Summer research program Invite H.S. student interns into our labs for a science experience BalloonFest Organize a High School Science meet on Ballooning

11. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Course Clusters 1. Logic & Linear Algebra* 2. Engineering the Future* 3. Under the Sea* 4. Everyday Chemistry* 5. The Design of Fun* 6. Chemistry & Mathematics* 7. Stars & Cells 8. Marine Mammals 9. Particle- & Astrophysics

12. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Quarknet Summer Program: H.S. teachers and student interns do research June 24-July 28, 2007

13. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz During the Summer of 2006, Six High School interns worked at SCIPP on:uring the Summer of 2006, Six High School interns worked at SCIPP on: DesigningDesigning and Building a Balloon Deployable DetectorBuilding Electronics Building Scintillator Panels Testing Scintillator Panels Muon Lifetime Experiments Xilinx FPGA Programming Website Design High School Student Internship

14. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Balloonfest in Paso Robles and Vacaville: 15 teams of 80 high school students Launch balloons, gather & analyze data.

15. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz

16. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz n Normally you can't see, hear or smell electricity, but the Tesla Coil generates 1 million volts, causing Bright sparks Bright sparks Loud crackling noise Loud crackling noise The air smell strange (Ozone) The air smell strange (Ozone) SAFETY RULES BRACE YOURSELF! 1 Million Volts! DANGER n Stay at least 20 ft. away n Computers, Gameboys, CD players, telephones to the back of the room – unplugged, switched off! n Hearing aids off, pacemakers out of room! SAFETY FIRST!

17. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz ZorroZorro Drawing lightning with a sword

18. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Sparks fly to sword Electric current goes back through wire Some electric current also goes through the air and lights up fluorescent bulbs Where else does that happen?

19. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Voltage starts at 120 ends up at 1 million! Transformer 14,000 volt Outlet 120 volt Resonance circuit 1 million volt Summary of Tesla coil operation:

20. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz primary transformer secondary transformer S C T P2S2 UCSC EE 70

21. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Electrical Power is converted wind, water, thermal power Electrical Power is converted wind, water, thermal power Physics Principle: Transformer Power goes in at 14000 Volts Power comes out At 120 Volts It is brought to your city on high voltage lines to transformers

22. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Transformation of Power The SLAC linear accelerator creates 90 Billion Volts, as much as 90,000 Tesla coils! We use that power to make new particles for scientific research

23. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Transformation of Power Electrical power is converted everywhere At home: Iron, Micro wave, Heater, Radio GLAST Mission (SCIPP+SLAC): GLAST Mission (SCIPP+SLAC): investigate the most powerful “power plants” in the universe investigate the most powerful “power plants” in the universe GLAST Space hosts incredible Power sources Space hosts incredible Power sources Black holes explode : Black holes explode : Matter -> Light, x-rays, “jets” Matter -> Light, x-rays, “jets”

24. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Posted on Tue, May. 17, 2005 Students uninjured after power line falls on car By Sandra Gonzales Mercury News Four San Jose State University students escaped injury Monday night after being trapped in their car after a power line fell on it near the university. At about 8 p.m., the four were traveling in the car on South Sixth Street near East William Street when a tree fell, blocking the street and knocking down power lines, fire officials said. The lines struck a chain-link fence, a parked Honda Accord and a Chevrolet van, and one landed on the moving car. As the scene unfolded, a San Jose fire engine that happened to be nearby responded, warning the occupants of the Toyota Corolla to stay inside until PG&E could shut off the power to the line. The car's occupants were safe while they were inside the car, but could have been electrocuted if they attempted to get out before the power was cut. Once the power was shut off, the students safely left their car unharmed. The downed power lines, however, sparked a small fire on a nearby tree that was quickly extinguished.

25. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Meet the Fighting Knight Fighting Lightning Bolt to the Head

26. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Thomas “DC” Edison Thomas “DC” Edison and his Batteries Nikola “AC” Tesla and his Generators vs. n Tesla Revival n 271 web sites are dedicated to Nikola Tesla n Join the “Tesla Coil Web Ring” http://nav.webring.yahoo.com/hub?ring=teslaring&list History was not kind to N. Tesla: Engineering Battle Royal of the 20 th Century: Edison won the first rounds, but Tesla carried the day

27. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz n Nikola Tesla as a Daredevil in a double-exposure photograph Learn more at Learn more at http://nav.webring.yahoo.com/hub?ring=teslaring&list

28. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Lightning Jacob’s Ladder Corona Tesla Sparks are all related. Lightning Jacob’s Ladder Corona Tesla Sparks are all related. Principle:Air is made of molecules. When they are ionized, they become charged and can conduct a current like an electrical wire. If there is a large current, it heats up the air and makes light. Thus, the sparks, flames etc are direct evidence for the model of atoms! Electricity in Air

29. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz An electron shooting out of the tesla coil hits lots of atom and knocks one of their electrons to a higher energy state. When the electron falls back down, it emits energy in the form of a photon, which travels to our eyes and we can see as light. What’s Going On? The Story of an Atom in the Air ELECTRON FROM TESLA COIL PHOTON

30. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz The Faraday Cage ++ + + + + +++ ++ + –– – – – – – –– – – – – + +++ + + + Are you safe in an airplane or a car during a lightning storm? Is it safe for the knight to be hit by the lightning bolt? Yes! Electric current flows invisibly through the outside of the metal shell (Faraday Cage), not touching the people inside.

31. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz How lightning works + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – + + + + ++ + + + + –– – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – –– – – – – – – +++++ + + + ++++ + ++++++ + + +++ + In the turbulent clouds, charges get separated The ionized air can conduct the electrical current + + + + + + + + + – – – – – + COSMIC RAYS!! Cover the earth And always have

32. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Mystery Knight Who is afraid of Lightning? Not the Mystery Knight! Not the Mystery Knight! Even if he is NOT grounded Even if he is NOT grounded

33. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Electrical current flows on the OUTSIDE of a metal! Is the Mystery Knight OK?Let’s check! The armored suit is safe! n It's a Faraday Cage – no electric field allowed inside. Is the Mystery Knight OK?Let’s check! The armored suit is safe! n It's a Faraday Cage – no electric field allowed inside. Invisible current Visible sparks Ground 1 Million Volts Visible sparks

34. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Say “Good bye” to Daniel Greenhouse, the brain behind the sparks He was an undergraduate at UC Santa Cruz. at UC Santa Cruz. http://scipp.ucsc.edu

35. SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP Electrifies COSMOS ! SCIPP UC Santa Cruz Fysiks is Phun! Thanks to COSMOS for inviting us! for inviting us!Questions? Ask after the show, e-mail, visit… You can find our coordinates on the web http://scipp.ucsc.edu