MEGALOPOLIS (CHAPTER 4: PART 2)
WHERE’S MEGALOPOLIS?
URBAN LANDSCAPES Major Components: 1. Spatial Interaction 2. Functional Complexity 3. Public Services 4. Accessibility 5. Intensity of Change
MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED) Spatial Interaction refers to the movement that occurs between places people, via sidewalks, parking lots, subways information, via communication lines, wires, terminals utilities, e.g., sewage, water, electricity, and gas
SPATIAL INTERACTION WASHINGTON, D.C.
SPATIAL INTERACTION NYC
SPATIAL INTERACTION
MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED) Functional Complexity refers to the land use variations and conflict related to competition for residential, industrial, commercial, or institutional purposes, or parks and recreational areas.
FUNCTIONAL COMPLEXITY
MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED) Public Services… provide water, sewage, garbage pick-up, etc. also include: police protection, fire protection, public schools, road works, and health care
PUBLIC SERVICES
MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED) Accessibility… is created and maintained as a public service to insure access to the core from the periphery and among places along the periphery. is accomplished via bypasses, beltways, parkways, and limited access expressways.
ACCESSIBILITY
MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED) Intensity of Change Refers to the dynamic nature of the urban landscape Nothing seems permanent. Economic ventures, shifts in transportation networks, and developments and declines in residential areas are typical of the continual changes
INTENSITY OF CHANGE
BOSTON’S “BIG DIG”
PATTERNS OF CHANGE Agriculture Land prices Channelized development Outmigration
AGRICULTURAL CHANGE Vast acreages of field crops have long been replaced by table or specialty crops Dairy products, tomatoes, lettuce, berries, and vegetables High value Perishable Require considerably less land
LAND PRICES Tremendous increase in the cost of land throughout the region Prices have steadily increased outside the CBD, especially along transportation corridors. Current residential location trend Smaller lots and subdivisions Outside the city
PATTERNS OF CHANGE (CONTINUED) Channelized Development Growth has occurred along major arterial highways. Development is both commercial and residential. Outmigration Movement continues away from the center city residential areas. Settlement has extended beyond suburbs to “ruburbs” and “exurbs.” Made possible by mass transit systems and beltways or highways.
PROBLEM AREAS KEY SOURCES Density Accessibility Spread
DENSITY
PROBLEM AREAS Density Solid waste disposal Water Air Noise pollution Accessibility Creates congestion Should we increase the size or efficiency of transportation networks? Spread Promotes both environmental and social problems.
INCREASE SIZE OR IMPROVE EFFICIENCY?
MEGALOPOLIS (CHAPTER 4: PART 2)