THE MODAL MODEL Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) rehearse Sensory Information Store Short Term Memory (STM) Long Term Memory (LTM) recode retrieve

THE WORKING MEMORY MODEL Baddeley and Hitch, 1974 Central Executive Phonological Store Visuo-Spatial Store Articulatory processes Visuo-spatial processes PHONOLOGICAL LOOP VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCHPAD

Evidence for the Phonological Loop Articulatory Suppression Word Length Effect Phonological Similarity Effect

Articulatory Suppression (Murray, 1967) No secondary task Articulatory suppression Recall performance

Word Length Effect (Baddeley et al., 1975) Recall performance Short Words ie., fit, cat, put Long Words ie., university, escalator ie., ticket, jogger ie., Friday, motion

Phonological Similarity Effect (Conrad & Hull, 1964) Recall performance Phonologically distinct lists ie., TRQKO Phonologically similar lists ie., TVBCD

Summary of Evidence Articulatory Suppression Word Length Effect - suggests the importance of rehearsal as the active process Word Length Effect suggests the importance of rehearsal for maintaining phonological information in STM Phonological Similarity Effect suggests that information held in the phonological store fades and becomes confused with other similar information

Interaction of these effects Recall performance 1 task 2 tasks ? Short words Long words Word Length

Summary of Evidence Articulatory Suppression Word Length Effect - suggests the importance of rehearsal as the active process Word Length Effect suggests the importance of rehearsal for maintaining phonological information in STM Phonological Similarity Effect suggests that information held in the phonological store fades and becomes confused with other similar information The interaction of these effects - suggests that rehearsal is the active processing system that serves the passive phonological store, and that together, these two components make up the PHONOLOGICAL LOOP.

So What? The Importance of the Phonological Loop PATIENT ‘PV’: Acquisition of new vocabulary Acquisition of a second language Language comprehension