1. For you: two models of memory
Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process with reference to research studies
For you: two models of memory
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2. 1. The multi-store model of memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968
Based on the assumption that memory consists of a number of separate stores and that memory processes is sequential
Sensory memory (1-4 seconds)
STM (6-12 seconds, 7+/-2 )
LTM (unlimited)
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3. 1. The multi-store model of memory
Evidence:
Glanzer and Cunitz 1966: the serial position effect (free recall experiements)
Suggests that people remember things better if they are either first (primacy effect) or last (recency effect) in a list (in the middle the least)
You can also use H.M and Clive as support of the model
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4. Evaluation
Strengths
has helped to describe and understand how memory works
to test memory
has been shown in research that we have different ”systems/stores” of memory
Focus on the entire memory system
Limitations
Simplistic
Doesn’t explain how interactions between the different stores take place
Later research has shown that STM is more complex and that LTM has several stores (instead of one)
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5. 2. The working memory model
Baddeley and Hitch 1974
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6. Evidence Baddeley and Hitch 1974
Dual task experiment (showing that working memory has different ”slave” systems)
Had to read prose and understand it and at the same time remember numbers. Results showed that the participants needed more reasoning time and if the numbers were six the task was impaired but not if only three numbers.
Should we test it?
Evaluation?
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7. Evaluation
Strengths
Provides a more thorough explanation of the STM than the multi-store model of memory
Useful to understand cognitive tasks
Explains multi-tasking
Working memory capacity has been connected with intelligence, mathematical performance (Eysenck 1988, Holmes et al 2008)
Limitations
the nature and role of the central executive is still unclear
Focus mostly on the STM (not the entire system)
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