Ch2. Genome Organization and Evolution 阮雪芬 Nov14, 2002 NTUST.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Genomes and Proteomes genome: complete set of genetic information in organism gene sequence contains recipe for making proteins (genotype) proteome: complete.

Advertisements

Biology Ch. 12 Review.

Control of Gene Expression

Nucleic Acids The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by genes. Genes consist of DNA, which is a polymer belonging to the class of compounds.

AP Biology Nucleic acids AP Biology Nucleic Acids.

Nucleic Acids Hereditary Material. Nucleic Acids VI. nucleic acids transmit hereditary information by determining what proteins a cell makes A. two classes.

Molecular BiochemistryBioc.432 Lab 1: Introduction to nucleic acids (Structural properties)

Biochemistry Part IV Nucleic Acids. Largest organic molecule made by organisms Largest organic molecule made by organisms Include 2 main types: Include.

Chapter 3 The Biological Basis of Life. Introduction Genetics is the study of how one trait transfers from one generation to the next Involves process.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Same basic idea, but more intricate than in prokaryotes Why? 1.Genes have to respond to both environmental and physiological.

阮雪芬 Department of Life Aug 6, 2004

基因與蛋白質資料庫阮雪芬 Nov 20 & 27, 2002 NTU. Index Genome Sequence searching Cutting site for a specific sequence Restriction Mapper REBASE REBsite NEB cutter.

阮雪芬 National Taipei University of Technology Feb 24, 2003

DNA and RNA. I. DNA Structure Double Helix In the early 1950s, American James Watson and Britain Francis Crick determined that DNA is in the shape of.

Hsueh-Fen Juan ( 阮雪芬 ) NTUT Oct 9, 2003 Bioinformatics Data Analysis in Proteomics.

Biochemistry 阮雪芬 Sep 9, 2002 NTUT. Chapter 1. Introduction History What is biochemistry Biochemistry and life Biochemical Energy Transfer of Information.

Bioinformatics Gene Introduction Oct NTUST.

13.3: RNA and Gene Expression

From DNA to Protein: Each gene is the information to build one protein (or polypeptide chain) that the organism needs. The first step in producing the.

Biomolecules Nucleic acids.  Are the genetic materials of all organisms and determine inherited characteristics.  The are two kinds of nucleic acids,

RNA Ribonucleic Acid.

12-3: RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Biology 2. DNA double helix structure explains how DNA can be copied, but not how genes work GENES: sequence of DNA that.

DNA Biology Lab 11. Nucleic Acids  DNA and RNA both built of nucleotides containing Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) Nitrogenous base (ATCG or AUCG) Phosphate.

How Proteins are Made. I. Decoding the Information in DNA A. Gene – sequence of DNA nucleotides within section of a chromosome that contain instructions.

Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression Eukaryotes

Transcription and Translation

Genomic sequencing in Plants R.Sakthivel

Genetics: Chapter 7. What is genetics? The science of heredity; includes the study of genes, how they carry information, how they are replicated, how.

DNA Structure The deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, is a long chain of nucleotides which consist of Deoxyribose (a pentose = sugar with 5 carbons) Phosphoric.

MOLECULAR GENETICS Polypeptide Synthesis Protein Structure Sequence of amino acids Nucleotide Connection Sequence of nucleotides in the gene determines.

Transcription Packet #20 5/31/2016 2:49 AM1. Introduction  The process by which information encoded in DNA specifies the sequences of amino acids in.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Central dogma: the story of life RNA DNA Protein.

Complexities of Gene Expression Cells have regulated, complex systems –Not all genes are expressed in every cell –Many genes are not expressed all of.

Brief Overview of Macromolecules DNA, RNA, and Proteins.

Lesson 3 – Gene Expression

1 DNA and Biotechnology. 2 Outline DNA Structure and Function DNA Replication RNA Structure and Function – Types of RNA Gene Expression – Transcription.

Introduction of Genomic Nada Al-Juaid. Out line  Cell  DNA the molecule of life  Centra dogma  Gene  Genetics  Genome  Genomic  Epigenomic  Human.

Ch 12 DNA and RNA 12-1DNA 12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis 12-4 Mutations 12-5 Gene Regulation 12-1DNA 12-2 Chromosomes.

DNA and RNA Structure of DNA Chromosomes and Replication Transcription and Translation Mutation and Gene Regulation.

8.2 KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

Molecular Genetics Transcription & Translation

THE MOLECULE BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis

General Animal Biology

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Ms. Womack’s Definitions

Nucleic Acids 1 1.

Ch 12 DNA and RNA.

RHS SCIENCE TAKS REVIEW

KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

How Proteins are Made.

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA

DNA and RNA Structure and Function

Transcription Packet #21 12/8/ :59 PM.

DNA is the Hereditary Material

DNA RNA Protein Synthesis Review

13.1: RNA & Transcription.

DNA:The cells Information system

AH Biology: Unit 1 Proteomics and Protein Structure 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Nucleic Acids Store and transfer genetic information

General Animal Biology

DNA, RNA, & Proteins Vocab review

Segment 5 Molecular Biology Part 1b

General Animal Biology

Presentation transcript:

Ch2. Genome Organization and Evolution 阮雪芬 Nov14, 2002 NTUST

Genomics and Proteomics DNA mRNA Proteins Cell functions Genome “ Genomics ” Proteome “ Proteomics ”

DNA 和蛋白質合成的地方 DNA Proteins Sugar Chain

Genome Gene + Chromosome Genome

Genes

Genome Sizes

Genetic Material A nucleotide contains : –A five-carbon sugar molecules –One or more phosphate groups –A nitrogenous base

Ribose and Deoxyribose

Backbone of DNA and RNA

Purines and Pyrimidines

The Double Helix

Exon and Intron in Eukaryotes

RNA Template-directed Polypeptide Synthesis Links the RNA and Protein Worlds (I) I

RNA Template-directed Polypeptide Synthesis Links the RNA and Protein Worlds (II) II III

Regulatory Mechanisms Organized the Expression of Genes Gene may be turned on or off in response to –concentrations of nutrients – stress – unfold complex programs of development during the lifetime of the organism.

In animals Methylation ( 甲基化 ) of DNA provides the signals for tissue-specific expression of developmentally regulated genes Products of certain genes cause cells to commit suicide ---Apoptosis ( 細胞自然死亡 )

Proteins Post-translational modification include –Addition of ligands –Methylation –Excision of peptides

Proteome and Proteomics Protein +Genome  Proteome Proteome  Proteomics

How Proteomics Can Help Drug Development

Definitions of Proteomics First coined in 1995 Be defined as the large-scale characterization of the entire protein complement of a cell line, tissue, or organism. Goal: -To obtain a more global and integrated view of biology by studying all the proteins of a cell rather than each one individually.

Proteomics Origins In 1975, the introduction of the 2D gel by O’Farrell who began mapping proteins from E. coli. The first major technology to emerge for the identification of proteins was the sequencing of proteins by Edman degradation  picomole MS technology has replaced Edman degradation to identify proteins  femtomole

Types of Proteomics and Their Applications to Biology

Two-dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2D PAGE) Nature 2000, 405,

Mass-spectroscopic Techniques Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2000, 4:489–494 Mass Fingerprint Searching in ych/tools/peptide nt.html

Protein Array Detection of specific antibody–antigen interactions on the hEx1 cDNA array.