1. DNA, RNA, & Proteins Vocab review
Chapter 12

2. Another name for protein synthesis
Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication
DNA polymerase
Another name for protein synthesis
translation
Sugar used to make DNA
dexoyribose

3. Process of making a DNA copy
replication
Nitrogen base with 1 ring such as cytosine and thymine
pyrimidine
Organism whose cells have a nucleus
eukaryote

4. Three sequential nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that code for a
Process in which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
transcription
Three sequential nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that code for a
specific amino acid
codon
Organism without a nucleus
prokaryote

5. Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine and guanine
Purine
Subunit composed of a sugar,
nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
used to make DNA and RNA
nucleotide
Principle that hydrogen bonds can
only form between certain nitrogen bases
Base pairing

6. Process in which one strain of bacteria is genetically changed by receiving DNA from another
transformation
Series of genes that controls development and differentiation in
the developing embryo
Hox genes

7. Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are
Coiled DNA and proteins that are spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells
chromatin
Group of three nucleotide bases on a
t-RNA molecule that are
complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon

8. Tightly packed DNA and proteins that
are “scrunched up” into rod-shaped
bundles in dividing cells
chromosomes
Expressed sequence of DNA that
codes for a protein
exon
Process of making proteins from an
RNA message
Translation (protein synthesis)

9. Type of RNA that carries DNA code
from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
gene
Region of DNA where RNA polymerase
binds to start transcription
promoter

10. Bead-like structures that form when DNA wraps around histones
Protein molecule around which DNA is wrapped to form a nucleosome in chromatin
histone
Bonds between nitrogen bases that
hold the 2 DNA strands together
Hydrogen bonds
Bead-like structures that form when
DNA wraps around histones
nucleosome

11. Type of RNA that matches its
anticodon and attaches the correct
amino acid to the growing protein
chain during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Structures found in the cytoplasm
made of rRNA and proteins where
protein synthesis happens
Ribosomes

12. Type of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Sugar found in RNA molecules
ribose
Group of genes in a prokaryote that
operate together
operon

13. Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates
Region of DNA near the promoter where repressor proteins bind and turn genes off
operator
Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates
the strands, and assembles nucleotide
subunits into an RNA molecule
RNA polymerase

14. Protein that binds to the operator site and stops RNA polymerase from
binding and transcribing a gene
repressor
Process of changing into different kinds
of cells with different functions
differentiation

15. Macromolecule made by joining nucleotide subunits together
Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
Another name for a protein chain
polypeptide

16. Macromolecule made by joining amino acid subunits together
protein
Regulatory region with the sequence
TATATA or TATAAA found in many
types of organisms which helps position
RNA polymerase
TATA box

17. Sequence of DNA that is NOT involved
in coding for a protein which is cut out
of the m-RNA molecule before it is read
by the ribosomes
intron