Westward Expansion 1801-1861 US1.8

The United States adds five territories Name the territories that were added. Louisiana Territory Florida Texas Oregon Southwest Territories (California)

Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was encouraged We want more Land! Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was encouraged as America underwent vast territorial expansion and settlement.

New territories added to the US after 1801 Lewis and Clark Trail Jefferson bought land from France (the Louisiana Purchase), which doubled the size of the United States. In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. USI.8a

Florida Spain gave Florida to the United States through a treaty. USI.8a

1836: Texas declares itself an independent republic. Texas was added after it became an independent republic. USI.8a

Oregon The Oregon Territory was divided by the United States and Great Britain. Columbia River USI.8a

California What European country explored the southwest? War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the United States. USI.8a

Test Your Knowledge

Which territory was added to the United States after it became an independent republic? A. Texas B. Louisiana C. Florida D. Oregon USI.8a

The Oregon Territory was divided by the United States and – A. Mexico B. Spain C. Great Britain D. Russia USI.8a

Identify the territory shaded on the map. A. Florida B. California C. Oregon D. Louisiana USI.8a

What factors influenced westward migration? USI.8b

Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement Population growth in the eastern states Availability of cheap, fertile land Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) USI.8b

Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement Oregon Trail Santa Fe trail Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) USI.8b

Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country USI.8b

Test Your Knowledge

Which completes the diagram? A. Increase in Southern Plantations B. Canal Building in New England C. Migration and Expansion Westward D. Population Growth in Eastern States USI.8b

All were factors that led to westward movement of Americans EXCEPT – A. population growth in eastern states B. cheap fertile land C. economic opportunities D. overland trade routes leading to Mexico USI.8b

How did the inventions affect the lives of Americans? Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in the North; however, the equipment produced in the North had an impact on the farming society in the South. How did the inventions affect the lives of Americans? USI.8c

invented by Eli Whitney New technologies The cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton. USI.8c

The reaper Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent the reaper. The reaper increased the productivity of the American farmer. USI.8c

The steamboat was improved by Robert Fulton It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories USI.8c

The steam locomotive provided faster land transportation. USI.8c

Test Your Knowledge

The reaper - A. was invented by Eli Whitney B. increased the productivity of the American farmer C. provided improved land transportation D. provided faster river transportation USI.8c

The invention that increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor was the – A. reaper B. cotton gin C. steam locomotive D. canal USI.8c

Social Movements What group believed that slavery was morally wrong? What group believed that women and men were created equal?

Abolitionist movement The abolitionists worked to end slavery. Freedom Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves. Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong. Morally wrong Cruel and inhumane A violation of the principles of democracy USI.8d

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman a former slave used many techniques to rescue over 300 slaves: using the master's horse and buggy heading south if she encountered possible slave hunters Tubman even carried a gun which she used to threaten the fugitives if they became too tired or decided to turn back, telling them, "You'll be free or die."

William Lloyd Garrison Published the anti-slavery newspaper, the Liberator

Frederick Douglass A great orator and writer, a leading figure in the abolitionist movement, Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in Maryland and eventually escaped.

Suffrage movement The suffrage movement helped women gain equal rights. Supporters declared that “All men and women are created equal.” Supporters believed that women were deprived of basic rights. USI.8d

Suffrage movement Denied the right to vote Denied educational opportunities, especially higher education Denied equal opportunities in business Limited in rights to own property USI.8d

Suffrage movement The movement was led by strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended. USI.8d

Sojourner Truth Former slave delivers her "Ain't I a Woman?” speech before a spellbound audience at a women's rights convention inAkron, Ohio. USI.8d

One of her famous quotes was: Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony was raised in New York as a Quaker and was a strong advocate of equal right for women. One of her famous quotes was: “Men their rights and nothing more; women their rights and nothing less.” USI.8d

Elizabeth Cady Stanton “Because man and woman are the complement of one another, we need woman’s thought in national affairs to make safe and stable government.” USI.8d

Test Your Knowledge

Abolitionists believed all EXCEPT – A. slavery was morally wrong B. slavery was cruel and inhumane slavery was a violation of the principles of democracy D. slavery was an economic necessity for the South USI.8d

These Americans were – A. Southern spies B. weak women C. Federalists D. suffragists USI.8d

American history Begins… The next story in American history Begins… Cultural, economical, and constitutional issues create bitter divisions between the North and the South. What will happen next? USI.9a