2. The Frontier and the Natives People, Places, and Events

3. Manifest Destiny Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was encouraged as America underwent vast territorial expansion and settlement. territorial expansion territorial expansion Westward migration was influenced by geography and economic opportunity. Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in the North; however, the equipment produced in the North had an impact on the farming society in the South.

4. Factors affecting westward expansion Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement Population growth in the eastern states Availability of cheap, fertile land Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that America had the God given right and duty to expand westward all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

5. Important Inventions The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton.

6. Important Inventions Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent the reaper. The reaper increased the productivity of the American farmer.

7. Famous Inventions The steamboat was improved by Robert Fulton. It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories. The steam locomotive provided faster land transportation.

8. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek Established a 3 million acre reservation located in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) Government promised to send food and supplies to the reservation and restrict access to the area In return, the Native Americans would move onto the reservation and stop raids against settlers Neither side kept their promise

9. Satanta Most famous Kiowa chief known for his powerful speeches. Most famous Kiowa chief known for his powerful speeches. He didn’t want to move to the reservation and wanted to roam over the prairie. He didn’t want to move to the reservation and wanted to roam over the prairie. He believed if the Native Americans settle down they will die and it hurt him to see what was happening. He believed if the Native Americans settle down they will die and it hurt him to see what was happening.

10. Buffalo Hunters A person who slaughtered buffalo for the value of their hides. A person who slaughtered buffalo for the value of their hides. They killed the Native Americans buffalo which forced some Native Americans to leave the reservation and raid white settlements. They killed the Native Americans buffalo which forced some Native Americans to leave the reservation and raid white settlements.

11. Quanah Parker One of the most powerful Comanche leaders of the time. One of the most powerful Comanche leaders of the time. He fought against the reservations but ultimately had to go there where he later died He fought against the reservations but ultimately had to go there where he later died

12. Cynthia Parker Mother of Quanah Parker and married to Comanche Chief Peta Nocona. Mother of Quanah Parker and married to Comanche Chief Peta Nocona. She was captured as a small child during a Comanche raid on a frontier settlement and was raised by the Comanche’s and adopted their way of life. She was captured as a small child during a Comanche raid on a frontier settlement and was raised by the Comanche’s and adopted their way of life.

13. Peta Nocona Comanche chief who was married to Cynthia Parker and the father of Quanah Parker. Comanche chief who was married to Cynthia Parker and the father of Quanah Parker.

14. Colonel Kit Carson Commanded the Anglo troops at the First Battle of Adobe Walls against the Comanche's and Kiowa's. Commanded the Anglo troops at the First Battle of Adobe Walls against the Comanche's and Kiowa's.

15. Henry Ossian Flipper First African American to graduate from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. First African American to graduate from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.

16. Buffalo Soldiers **African American who guarded the Texas frontier after the Civil War.** They scouted, mapped, and built roads between the settled and unsettled areas of the state. They scouted, mapped, and built roads between the settled and unsettled areas of the state. They also patrolled the frontier, protecting settlers from Native American raids. They also patrolled the frontier, protecting settlers from Native American raids.

17. Quaker Peace Policy Move native groups to reservations, give them supplies, educate them, and protect them. Move native groups to reservations, give them supplies, educate them, and protect them. It also proposed to punish any who raided settlements. It also proposed to punish any who raided settlements.

18. Quaker Peace Policy, cont. Ideas of a religious group named the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. It was suppose to bring about peace using gentle ways, respect for life, and fair treatment of Native Americans. Ideas of a religious group named the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. It was suppose to bring about peace using gentle ways, respect for life, and fair treatment of Native Americans.

19. Quaker Peace Policy, cont. The government did not provide enough food or supplies and the army failed to stop buffalo hunters from shooting buffalo on the reservation which caused Native Americans to again raid TX settlements for food. When the army chased them, The government did not provide enough food or supplies and the army failed to stop buffalo hunters from shooting buffalo on the reservation which caused Native Americans to again raid TX settlements for food. When the army chased them, the Quakers would not let the soldiers enter the reservation to capture the raiders. the Quakers would not let the soldiers enter the reservation to capture the raiders.

20. Lawrie Tatum He was a Quaker who was named the government’s agent to the Kiowa- Comanche reservation. He was a Quaker who was named the government’s agent to the Kiowa- Comanche reservation.

21. Texas Rangers A force that patrolled the frontier and helped the federal troops defend the frontier. A force that patrolled the frontier and helped the federal troops defend the frontier. Stephen F. Austin formed them to protect colonists from Native American attacks. Stephen F. Austin formed them to protect colonists from Native American attacks.

22. The Red River Wars Significance of Battle at Adobe Walls Prompted the federal government to end the peace policy U.S. government launched a military campaign against the Plains Indians

23. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon September 28, 1874 Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie and 500 troops attack a Comanche village Indians fled abandoning their supplies and horses Indian horses were shot and villages burned Forced the Indians to move to reservations

24. Consequences of the Indian Wars Led to the end of the Plains Indian way of life and confinement to reservations Opened the Panhandle and western Texas to railroads, farmers, and ranchers

25. Native Reservations Today Video: Native Americans Today http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/vi ew/assetGuid/C92DD692-719D-42E1- 9B54-69C6534DC353