Chapter Two: Perception and Communication

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 2

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 3 Human Perception   Perception-How We Make Sense of the World   Perception is an Active Process   Processes are Overlapping and Continuous Perception Perception

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 4 Human Perception Selection   Of What are We Conscious   Qualities of External Phenomena   Perceive What We Expect to Perceive Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 5 Human Perception Organization   Constructivism and Schemata   Prototypes   Knowledge Structure   Most Representative Example of Category   Use Prototypes to Define Categories Microsoft Image Constructivism Constructivism

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 6   Constructivism and Schemata Human Perception Organization   Personal Constructs   Mental Yardsticks   Position People and Situations Along Bipolar Dimension   More Detailed Assessment Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 7   Constructivism and Schemata Human Perception Organization   Stereotypes   Predictive Generalizations   Based on Category   May be Accurate or Inaccurate Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 8   Constructivism and Schemata Human Perception Organization   Scripts   Way to Organize Perceptions   Guides Based on Personal Experience   Sequence of Activities Defining Expected Behavior

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 9 Human Perception Interpretation   Subjective Process of Explaining   Attributions   Locus - Internal or External   Stability - Stable or Unstable   Scope - Global or Specific   Responsibility - Within or Beyond Personal Control Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 10 Human Perception Interpretation   Self-Serving Bias   Construct Attributions Serving Our Interests   Positive Actions and Successes - Internal, Stable, Global Attributions   Negative Actions or Failures - External, Unstable, Specific Attributions

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 11   Physiology - Sensory Abilities   Visual and Auditory Acuity Influences on Perception Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 12   Physiology - Sensory Abilities   Visual and Auditory Acuity   Physical Well Being Influences on Perception Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 13   Physiology - Sensory Abilities   Visual and Auditory Acuity   Physical Well Being   Age Influences on Perception Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 14 Influences on Perception   Culture   Beliefs   Values   Understandings   Taken-For-Granted Assumptions Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 15 Influences on Perception   Standpoint Theory   Social Communities   Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Economic Class, Religion, Spirituality, Age, and Sexual Orientation   Power Positions in Social Hierarchies

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 16 Influences on Perception   Social Roles   Roles Others Communicate to Us   Expectations of Role Fulfillment   Career Choices

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 17 Influences on Perception   Cognitive Abilities   Cognitive Complexity   Person-Centered Perception Microsoft Image

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 18 Enhancing Communication Competence   Perceptions, Communication, & Abstraction   Words Crystallize Perceptions   Labels Affect Perceptions

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 19 Enhancing Communication Competence - Example

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 20 Guidelines for Enhancing Competence   Recognize All Perceptions are Subjective   Avoid Mind Reading   Check Perceptions with Others   Monitor Self-Serving Bias

Ch2: Perception and Communication Copyright © 2006 Wadsworth 21 The Job Interview Communication Scenarios, Wadsworth/Thomson0

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