Biology 2 Midterm Review Miller and Levine

Which scientist observed variations in the characteristics of animals and plants on the different islands of the Galapagos? James Hutton Charles Darwin Charles Lyell Thomas Malthus

In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called _______. homologous structures adaptations fossils vestigial organs

Which of the following ideas proposed by Lamarck was later found to be incorrect? acquired characteristics can be inherited all species were descended from other species living things change over time organisms are adapted to their environment

Differences among individuals of a species are referred to as __________. natural variation natural selection fitness adaptation

Which would an animal breeder use to produce cows that give more milk? overproduction genetic isolation acquired characteristics artificial selection

An inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(an) _______. vestigial organ speciation adaptation radiation

The concept that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time is called ____. descent with modifications artificial selection theory of acquired characteristics natural selection

Fitness is a result of ______. adaptations common descent homologies variation

Which of the following is an important concept in Darwin’s theory by natural selection? struggle for existence survival of the fittest descent with modification all of the above

A farmer’s use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of _____ natural selection artificial selection common descent fitness

Please complete 11 -18 of the review.

The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a _______ gene pool phenotype niche population

The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of its _____. gene pool fitness polygenic speciation

Traits that are controlled by more than one gene, such as human height, are known as ______ single-gene traits recessive traits polygenic traits dominant traits

The type of selection in which individuals of average size have greater fitness than small or large individuals is called ______ disruptive selection stabilizing selection directional selection genetic drift

The type of selection in which individuals at one end of a curve have the highest fitness is called ___ stabilizing selection disruptive selection directional selection the founder effect

A change in allele frequency that results from the migration of a small subgroup of a population is called ___ natural selection the Hardy-Weinberg principle the founder effect genetic equilibrium

A group of individuals that interbreed and have fertile offspring make up a __ gene pool species population genetic drift

The evolution of Darwin’s finches is an example of _________. equilibrium stabilizing selection speciation artificial selection

In a certain population, disruptive selection is occurring In a certain population, disruptive selection is occurring. In this population, which is most likely to survive? organisms with average traits organisms with extreme traits organisms that are small none of the above

What type of selection does this graph show?

Woolybeasts with long snouts tend to survive better on an island that has burrowing termites. Over time, the woolybeast population consists of individuals with extremely long snouts. This is an example of: disruptive selection stabilizing selection random selection directional selection

Speciation occurs when ______. population becomes geographically isolated a population becomes temporally isolated a population becomes behaviorally isolated all of the above

When two species reproduce at different times, it is called ______ speciation geographic isolation temporal isolation genetic drift

A situation in which a population’s allele frequencies remain relatively constant is called ____ polygenic traits a gene pool fitness genetic equilibrium

Does this graph show artificial, disruptive, directional or stabilizing selection?

Which graph shows single gene trait and polygenic trait?

Sedimentary rocks form when layers of small particles are compressed __. in the atmosphere in mountains in a snowy field under water

Radioactive dating of rock samples ____ is a method of absolute dating is a method of relative dating forms a geologic column forms a geologic time scale

Half life is the length of time required for half the atoms in a radioactive sample to __. double expand decay be created

Earth’s first atmosphere contained little or no ________. hydrogen cyanide nitrogen hydrogen sulfide oxygen

In Miller and Urey’s experiments with the origin of life, electric sparks were passed through a mixture of gases to ____ simulate temperature sterilize the gases simulate sunlight simulate lightning

Which type of event occurred around 65 million years ago? coevolution punctuated equilibrium mass extinction convergent evolution

The process that produces a similar appearance among unrelated groups of organisms is ______ coevolution punctuated equilibrium mass extinction convergent evolution

The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is ___ anatomy botany taxonomy paleontology

From its name, you know that Panthera tigris must be ____. a plant an animal in the genus tigris in the genus Panthera

In classifying organisms, orders are grouped together into __. classes phyla families genus

The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories is the _____. phylum kingdom order species

Which of the following shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms? taxon domain binomial nomenclature cladogram

The three domains are _____. Animalia,Plantae, Archaebacteria Plantae, Fungi, Eubacteria Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya Protista, Bacteria, Animalia

A kingdom that includes only heterotrophs is ______ Protista Fungi Plantae Eubacteria

All members of the domain Bacteria __________ have eukaryotic cells are multicellular have cell walls containing lipids are prokaryotic

Mushrooms, yeast and molds have been placed in their own kingdom, called ____. Fungi Protista Eubacteria Plantae