1. EVOLUTION VOCAB Chapter 16 & 17
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing © 2006

2. Differences among individuals within a species
Change in a population over time; also change in the relative frequency of alleles in a gene pool
evolution
Differences among individuals
within a species
Natural variation

3. Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve
Trait controlled by two or more genes
Polygenic trait
Process by which unrelated
organisms independently evolve
similarities when adapting to
similar environments
Convergent evolution

4. Inherited characteristic that increases and organism’s chances
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment
fitness
Inherited characteristic that
increases and organism’s chances
for survival
adaptation

5. Process by which related organisms evolve differences when they are isolated in different environments
Adaptive radiation OR Divergent evolution

6. A change in a DNA sequence caused by a mistake in DNA replication or exposure to radiation or chemicals
mutation
Changes in the allele frequency in a small population that are due to random chance and don’t follow the laws of probability
Genetic drift

7. All the genes, including all the different alleles, in a population
Gene pool
A situation in which the allele
frequencies in a population do NOT
change and the population does NOT EVOLVE
Genetic equilibrium

8. Stabilizing selection
The effect of natural selection when individuals near the center of a normal curve of distribution have higher fitness than those at the extremes
Stabilizing selection
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

9. Directional selection
The effect of natural selection when individuals at one end of the normal distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end
Directional selection
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

10. The effect of natural selection when individuals at the extreme ends of the normal distribution curve have higher fitness than those near the center of the curve
Disruptive selection
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

11. A change in relative frequency of alleles in a population
A possible explanation for a set of
observations or a possible answer
to a scientific problem
evolution
hypothesis

12. A change in allele frequencies due to the migration of a small subgroup of a population to a new place
Founder effect
Idea that allele frequency will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies
to change
Hardy-Weinberg Principle

13. A trait controlled by a single gene with two or more alleles
Multiple allele trait
The number of times a certain allele occurs in a gene pool
compared to the number of times
other alleles for the same gene occur
Relative frequency

14. A well supported, testable explanation of observed natural phenomena
THEORY
Another name for competition for
resources
Struggle for existence

15. Another name for adaptive radiation
Divergent evolution
Another name for natural selection
Survival of the fittest

16. Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg
NAME THE SCIENTISTS WHO . . .
English mathematician and German physician who proposed the principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change and developed an equation to predict the frequency of alleles in a population
Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg

17. THE END