BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND SURVIVAL Review of the Section 1.0

WHY DO ZEBRAS HAVE STRIPES?

ZEBRAS CONTINUED  This protects zebras from predators because they can blend in with the tail grass of the Savanna.  This colouration and herd mentality may cause predators to have trouble identifying individual zebras to attack

GIVE TWO REASONS WHY BIODIVERSITY SHOULD BE PRESERVED

REASONS?  The medicinal value of most species has not yet been explored.  And the removal of individual species can disrupt natural ecosystems.

VARIATION WITHIN SPECIES AND AMONG SPECIES For the Next 4 pictures state if it’s: variation among species or variation within species

CATS??

PEOPLE?

KITTENS?

ROBIN AND SPARROW?

WHAT IS A SPECIES?  Define Species: (In your own words)  Specification: the process that leads to the formation of new species.

TAXONOMY

WHY MIGHT A SPECIES CLASSIFICATION CHANGE?

 Based on scientific data and that might change  New Data or Interpretations might reclassify an organism

DIVERSITY AND SURVIVAL  Structural Adaptation: A physical variation of the species  Behaviour Adaptation: A way the species acts in a certain environment

PHYSICAL OR BEHAVOUR  For the Next slides write down if this trait is a physical adaptation or a behavour adaptation.

OWLS HEADS

OWL’S FEATHERS

OWLS AT NIGHT

DIVERSITY INDEX  A measure of the biological diversity in an area  This is a numeric number we use to differentiate between areas of different diversity. The Greater the diversity the “healthier” that area is.

HOW CAN HUMANS LOWER THE DIVERSITY INDEX?

 Destroying land  Using pesticides and herbicides  Hunting excessively  Building homes  Polluting  Introducing new animals

VARIATION  Why is it important for individuals of a species to vary in their characteristics?

 The species will be more likely to survive a negative short term change or adapt to a negative long term change  Remember the peppered moths

HABITAT AND LIFESTYLE  A habitat is the place where an organism lives.  Niche is the role of a organism or species in an ecosystem Broad niche: the roles filled by a generalist organism Narrow niche: a specialized activity undertaken by an organism in an ecosystem

HOW TO REDUCE COMPETITION  Being active at different times (day or night or seasons)  Eating different foods or parts of the food source  Occupying the the area during different seasons  Using different parts of the habitat  Finding alternative sources of shelter or water  Resource partitioning!

BROAD NICHE V. NARROW NICHE  Why is it dangerous for an organism to have a narrow niche?  What factors contribute to the development of a broad niche?

SYMBIOSIS  Name the three types of symbiosis:

COMMENSALISM

PARASITISM

MUTUALISM