America Moves Toward War World War Looms #4

I. The United States Musters its Forces A. Moving cautiously away from neutrality. 1. The cash-carry policy allowed the U.S. to provide arms and supplies to countries that paid them cash.

B. The Axis Threat 1. The Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan, a mutual defense treaty was designed to prevent the U.S. from joining the war. 2. They became known as the Axis Powers.

C. Building U.S. Defenses 1. The Selective Training and Service drafted 16 million men between the ages of 21 to 35 to join the army in case of a war. 2. Roosevelt ran and won an unprecedented 3 rd term as president by defeating Wendell Wilkie.

II. “The Great Arsenal of Democracy” A. The Lend-Lease Plan 1. The U.S. would lend or lease arms and supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States.” 2. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March FDR even sent arms and supplies to Stalin because Hitler had invaded the Soviet Union.

Winston Churchill “If Hitler invaded Hell,” the British would be prepared to work with the devil himself.

B. German Wolf Packs 1. Groups of German U-boats or submarines sank as much as 350,000 tons of U.S. shipping a month. 2. However, by 1943 submarines attacks were contained because of the use of radar and sonar. 3. U-Boats were known as the “rattlesnakes of the Atlantic.”

III. FDR Plans For War A. The Atlantic Charter 1. With Great Britain, FDR signed a joint declaration of war aims and declared the following: collective security, disarmament, self- determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas. 2. The declaration was signed by 26 nations and they became known as the Allies. 3. FDR then ordered U.S. ships to shoot on sight if they saw a German U-Boat. 4. Became the basis of the United Nations.

B. The Four Freedoms Speech 1. FDR proposed four points as fundamental freedoms humans "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy. 1. Freedom of Speech and Expression. 2. Freedom of Religion 3. Freedom from Want 4. Freedom from Fear 2.Set out a vision for a world in which war would be less likely. 3.The Atlantic Charter was built on the ideas in the Four Freedoms speech.

Four Freedoms

IV. Japan Attacks the United States A. Japan’s ambitions in the Pacific. 1. General Hideki Tojo Chief of Staff led Japan’s army in conquering all of Eastern Asia. 2. After Japan had conquered French Indochina the U.S. stopped selling Japan oil. 3. After breaking Japan’s secret code th U.S. learned that Japan would attack and on December 6, FDR got a decoded message that Japan was “to reject all American peace proposals”

B. The Attack on Pearl Harbor 1. On the morning of Dec, 7, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack. 2. 2,403 Americans were killed, 1,178 were wounded, sunk or damaged 21 ships including 8 battleships, and more than 300 aircraft were damaged. 3. “A day that will live in infamy.” 4. Even isolationists wanted war.

Burton Wheeler “The only thing now to do is to lick the hell out of them.”