Self-Rule for British Colonies p.317-321

Objectives Describe how Canada achieved self-rule Explain how Australia and New Zealand became democracies Describe British domination of Ireland

Canada Struggles for Self-Rule French and English Canada French Colonist French and Indian War – 1763 Influx of British Loyalist post Revolutionary War French settled separately from English French Roman Catholic English Protestant Upper Canada – Ontario English-speaking majority Lower Canada – Quebec French-speaking majority

Canada Struggles for Self-Rule The Durham Report The Dominion of Canada The split worked for a time Mid 1800s Middle class professionals demand political and economic reforms Rebellion break out in upper and lower Canada Lord Durham Reformist Reunite upper and lower Canada Encourage immigration Canada should govern itself Dominion A nation allowed to govern its own affairs In 1867 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick join Was self-governing in domestic affairs, but was still part of the British Empire

Australia and New Zealand Britain's Penal Colony Free Settlers Arrive 1788 – Britain begins colonizing Australia with convicted criminals Penal Colony Place where convicts are sent to serve their sentences Used as a way to keep prisons from over crowding After release, prisoners could buy land and settle Over time British settlers start to settle in New Zealand and Australia Raise sheep Become successful wool exporters Land was offered cheap Population increase in Australia aided by 1851 gold rush

Australia and New Zealand No British ownership Maori rights recognized Slower settlement Missionaries arrive to convert the Maoris Conflict with European settlers over land 1814 Maori except British rule Britain recognizes Maori land rights British annexation Settling New Zealand

Australia and New Zealand Self-Government Status of Native People Wanted to govern themselves and remain in the British Empire Created parliamentary forms of government In the early 1900s both New Zealand and Australia became donimions Natives were excluded from democracy and prosperity European diseases killed many Aborigines were displaced from their lands or killed many times Tensions in New Zealand continued Wars in 1845 and 1872 Finally driven to remote part of the country

The Irish Win Home Rule 1840s 1 million people died 1.5 million flea The Great Famine Expansion began in 1100s when the Pope gave control of Ireland to the King of England English law limited the rights of Catholics and favored Protestant religion and English language 1801 – England formally joined Ireland to UK 1840s Potatoes had become the sole source of food for many Crops failed year after year 1 million people died 1.5 million flea Most to the United States

The Irish Win Home Rule Home rule Demand for Home Rule Rebellion and Division Home rule Local control over internal matter only British were fearful that home rule would lead to independence In 1914, Parliament enacted a home rule bill World War I breaks out and home rule is put on hold 1916 – Easter Rebellion British put the rebellion down and execute the leaders Gave wider popularity to Irish nationalism Irish Republican Army Unofficial military force seeking independence for Ireland 1921 – Divided Ireland is granted home rule Northern Ireland – Republic of Ireland (1949)

What remnant of the division between Upper and Lower Canada still exsists? __________________________________________________________

How were the fates of the Aborigines and Maoris similar to that of indigenous people in the United States? __________________________________________________________

Why might Britain been more reluctant to grant home rule to Ireland than to its other colonies? __________________________________________________________