Bell Work 2/10/15

Student Learning Objectives: State Standard: SPI Identify the basic properties of acids and bases. Essential Question: How can I determine if a substance is an acid or a base? (SPI ) TOC #79. Ch 14, sections 2 and 3 Notes #80. Using Litmus Indicator Lab

Objectives Describe four properties of acids. Describe four properties of acids. Identify uses of acids. Identify uses of acids. Describe four properties of bases. Describe four properties of bases. Identify uses of bases. Identify uses of bases.

An Acid is any compound that increases the # of Hydronium ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. Acid Properties: - tastes sour - reacts w/ metals - conducts electricity - color change

The (H + ) atom does not exist alone. It reacts with H 2 O to form H 3 O

Uses of Acids Sulfuric acid is the most widely made industrial chemical in the world. It is used to make paper, paint, detergents, fertilizers and many other products. Sulfuric acid is the most widely made industrial chemical in the world. It is used to make paper, paint, detergents, fertilizers and many other products. Nitric acid is used to make fertilizers, rubber, and plastics. Nitric acid is used to make fertilizers, rubber, and plastics. Hydrochloric acid is used to make metal from their ores by separating the metals from the material with which they are combined. Hydrochloric acid is used to make metal from their ores by separating the metals from the material with which they are combined.

Uses of Acids Hydrochloric acid is used in swimming pools to help keep them free of algae. Hydrochloric acid is even found in your stomach, where it aids in digestion. Hydrochloric acid is used in swimming pools to help keep them free of algae. Hydrochloric acid is even found in your stomach, where it aids in digestion. Citric acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) are found in orange juice. Citric acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) are found in orange juice. Carbonic acid and phosphoric acid help give soft drinks a sharp taste. Carbonic acid and phosphoric acid help give soft drinks a sharp taste.

A Base is any compound that increases the # Hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. Base Properties: - bitter taste - feels slippery - conducts electricity - color change

Uses of Bases Sodium hydroxide is a base used to make soap and paper. It is also used in oven cleaners and products that unclog drains. Sodium hydroxide is a base used to make soap and paper. It is also used in oven cleaners and products that unclog drains. Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2, is used to make cement and plaster. Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2, is used to make cement and plaster. Ammonia is found in many household cleaners and is used to make fertilizers. Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are used in antacids. Ammonia is found in many household cleaners and is used to make fertilizers. Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are used in antacids.

An indicator is a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base.

Objectives Explain the difference between strong acids and bases and weak acids and bases. Explain the difference between strong acids and bases and weak acids and bases. Identify acids and bases by using the pH scale. Identify acids and bases by using the pH scale. Describe the formation and uses of salts. Describe the formation and uses of salts.

Strengths of Acids and Bases Acids and bases can be strong or weak. Acids and bases can be strong or weak. The concentration of an acid or a base is the amount of acid or base dissolved in water. The concentration of an acid or a base is the amount of acid or base dissolved in water. The strength of an acid or a base depends on the number of molecules that break apart when the acid or base is dissolved in water. The strength of an acid or a base depends on the number of molecules that break apart when the acid or base is dissolved in water.

Strong Versus Weak Acids As an acid dissolves in water, the acid’s molecules break apart and produce hydrogen ions, H+. As an acid dissolves in water, the acid’s molecules break apart and produce hydrogen ions, H+. If all the molecules break apart, the acid is called a strong acid. Strong acids include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. If all the molecules break apart, the acid is called a strong acid. Strong acids include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. If only a few molecules break apart, the acid is a weak acid. Weak acids include acetic acid, citric acid, and carbonic acid. If only a few molecules break apart, the acid is a weak acid. Weak acids include acetic acid, citric acid, and carbonic acid.

The pH of a solution is the measure of the H + ion concentration. The pH scale shows if a solution is an acid, a base or is neutral.

pH scale 7 is neutral 7.1 or greater is base 6.9 or less is an acid

Acids, Bases, and Neutralization The reaction between acids and bases is called a neutralization reaction. The reaction between acids and bases is called a neutralization reaction. Acids and bases neutralize one another because the hydrogen ions (H+) in an acid and the hydroxide ions (OH−) in a base react to form water, H2O. Acids and bases neutralize one another because the hydrogen ions (H+) in an acid and the hydroxide ions (OH−) in a base react to form water, H2O. Other ions from the acid and base dissolve in the water. If the water evaporates, these ions join to form the compound called a salt. Other ions from the acid and base dissolve in the water. If the water evaporates, these ions join to form the compound called a salt.

Salts When an acid neutralizes a base, a salt and water are produced. A salt is an ionic compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid. When an acid neutralizes a base, a salt and water are produced. A salt is an ionic compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid. Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is one example of a large group of compounds called salts. Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is one example of a large group of compounds called salts.

Acids neutralize bases because the H + bonds with the OH - to form H 2 O

Using Litmus Indicator Lab Your group will have 2 minutes at each lab table. Move to the next table when the timer goes off.

Video Clips Acids/Bases Song I I I I Cheeseburger in Acid I I I I

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