1. Chapter 15
Chemical Compounds

2. Chemical Compounds Introduction
In Chapter 14, we learned how to balance chemical reaction containing elements and chemical compounds.
In Chapter 15, we will learn about the structure and properties of ionic and covalent compounds as well as the properties of acids and bases.
Acids and bases are found in things that we encounter everyday.

3. Chemical Compounds Introduction
1) What is a chemical compound?
2) What is an ionic compound?
3) What is a covalent compound?
4) How does bonding occur in atoms?

4. Chemical Compounds Introduction
5) What is an acid?
6) What is a base?
7) What is a substance with a high acid content?
8) What is a substance with a high base content?

5. Section 1: Objectives
1) Describe the properties of ionic and covalent compounds.
2) Classify compounds as ionic or covalent based on their properties.

6. Ionic and Covalent Compounds
When ions or molecules combine, they form compounds.
A chemical bond is the combining of 2 atoms to form molecules or compounds.
Bonding can occur between valence electrons of different atoms.
This is how chemical bonds are made.

7. Ionic and Covalent Compounds
An ionic bond is an attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Compounds that contain ionic bonds are called ionic compounds.
Ionic compounds are:
Brittle
Have a high melting point
Soluble

8. Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Brittleness is a property that most ionic compounds share.
Ionic compounds tend to be brittle solids at room temperature.
They usually break apart when hit.

9. Ionic and Covalent Compounds

10. Ionic and Covalent Compounds
High melting points is another property that ionic compounds share.
Ionic compounds have a high melting point because of the strong ionic bonds that hold ions together.
In other words, it takes a lot of heat/energy to break an ionic bond.

11. Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Ionic compounds are highly soluble.
They dissolve easily in water.
They are good conductors of electricity because the particles left are charged.
Ionic compounds are highly soluble and very ductile.

12. Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are compounds that form when a group of atoms shares electrons.
This sharing of atoms forms a covalent bond.
Covalent bonds are weaker than ionic bonds.

13. Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Covalent Bond Properties:
Low Solubility
Low Melting Points
Not good conductors of electric current

14. Chapter 15 Section 1-2: Pop Quiz
1) What must happen before compounds can form?
2) What is an ionic bond?
3) Give 3 properties of ionic compounds.
4) What is required before an ionic compound can break?

15. Chapter 15 Section 1-2: Pop Quiz
5) T/F Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
6) List 3 properties of covalent bonds.
7) Ionic compounds are ________ ________ and very _________.

16. Chapter 15 Section 1-2: Pop Quiz
8) List 3 properties of acids.
9) List 3 properties of bases.
10) List 1 common use for an acid and 1 common use for a base.

17. Section 2: Objectives Describe 4 properties of acids.
Identify 4 uses of acids.
Describe 4 properties of bases.
Identify 4 uses of bases.

18. Acids and Bases
Acid: any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water
Hydronium ion: H30+

19. Acids and Bases There are 4 properties of acids: Sour flavor
Change color in indicators
React with metals
Conduct electricity
Indicator: compound that can reversibly change color depending on pH conditions

20. Acids and Bases These are some uses of acids:
Sulfuric acid is used to make products such as paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers.
Hydrochloric acid is used to make cleaner for swimming pool liners.
Citric acid and ascorbic acid are found in orange juice.

21. Acids and Bases
Base: any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
Hydroxide ion: OH-

22. Acids and Bases There are 4 properties of bases: Bitter flavor
Change color in indicators
Conduct electricity
Slippery feel

23. Acids and Bases These are some uses of bases:
Sodium hydroxide is a base used to make soap and paper.
Calcium hydroxide is used to make cement and plaster.
Ammonia is found in many household cleaners.