Radiographic Anatomy RAD 242

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Presentation transcript:

Radiographic Anatomy RAD 242 Prepared By: Ala’a Ali Tayem Abed

Radiographic Anatomy of the Skeleton SPINE 1. Cervical Spine. 2. Thoracic Spine. 3. Lumbar Spine. 4. Sacrum Spine. 5. Coccyx Spine.

The vertebral column curves There are 4 normal curves formed by vertebras, two are concave and the other two are convex. The cervical & lumbar curves are an anteriorly convex, The thoracic and sacral curves are anteriorly concave. The presences of the curve have several functions; these are absorption of shock, maintenance of balance, protection of column from fracture and increasing the strength of the column.

Inter Vertebral Discs Between adjacent vertebrae from 1st Cervical to sacrum there are inter vertebral discs. They are fibro-cartilaginous. Each disc is composed of the Outer Fibrous ring consisting Fibro-Cartilage called Annulus Fibrosis and The Inner Soft, pulpy highly Elastic structure called the Nucleus Pulpous. The disc permits various movement of the vertebral column, absorb shock and form a strong joint.

The Spinal Cord There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves which branch off from the spinal cord. In the cervical region of the spinal cord, the spinal nerves exit above the vertebrae. A change occurs with the C7 vertebra however, where the C8 spinal nerve exits the vertebra below the C7 vertebra. Therefore, there is an 8th cervical spinal nerve even though there is no 8th cervical vertebra. From the 1st thoracic vertebra downwards, all spinal nerves exit below their equivalent numbered vertebrae. The Cauda Equina area is not the true spinal cord. The true spinal cord ends at L1/2. The area below the true spinal cord is called the Conus Medullaris. Immediately below that is the Cauda Equina area.

Cervical Spine AP Lateral

Cervical Spine Cervical Spine -- Right Anterior Oblique View Cervical Spine -- Left Anterior Oblique View

Cervical Spine Cervical Spine -- Open Mouth (Dens) View

Cervical spine, AP projection Cervical spine, lateral projection 1. Anterior arch of atlas 2. Axis 3. Body of vertebra 4. Dens of axis 5. Facet joint 6. Transverse foramen 7. Inferior articular process 8. Intervertebral disc 9. Intervertebral foramen 10. Lamina of vertebral arch 11. Lateral atlantoaxial joint 12. Lateral mass of atlas 13. Pedicle 14. Posterior arch of atlas 15. Spinous process 16. Superior articular process 17. Transverse process 18. Uncovertebral joint (joint of Luschka)

Cervical spine, AP projection (open mouth) Cervical spine, oblique projection 1. Anterior arch of atlas 2. Axis 3. Body of vertebra 4. Dens of axis 5. Facet joint 6. Transverse foramen 7. Inferior articular process 8. Intervertebral disc 9. Intervertebral foramen 10. Lamina of vertebral arch 11. Lateral atlantoaxial joint 12. Lateral mass of atlas 13. Pedicle 14. Posterior arch of atlas 15. Spinous process 16. Superior articular process 17. Transverse process 18. Uncovertebral joint (joint of Luschka)

Thoracic Spine Thoracic spine, AP projection 1. Body of vertebra 2. Costotransverse joint 3. Costovertebral joint 4. Facet joint 5. Inferior articular process 6. Intervertebral disc 7. Intervertebral foramen 8. Pedicle 9. Rib 10. Spinous process 11. Superior articular process 12. Transverse process

Thoracic spine, lateral projection 1. Body of vertebra 2. Costotransverse joint 3. Costovertebral joint 4. Facet joint 5. Inferior articular process 6. Intervertebral disc 7. Intervertebral foramen 8. Pedicle 9. Rib 10. Spinous process 11. Superior articular process 12. Transverse process

Lumbar Spine Lateral AP

Lumbar spine, lateral projection Lumbar spine, AP projection 1. Body of vertebra 2. Facet joint 3. Inferior articular process 4. Intervertebral disc 5. Intervertebral foramen 6. Lamina of vertebral arch 7. Pedicle 8. Sacroiliac joint 9. Spinous process 10. Superior articular process 11. Transverse process

Lumbar spine, oblique projection

Sacrum Spine Sacrum, AP projection Sacrum, lateral projection 1. Coccyx 2. Intervertebral disc 3. Intervertebral foramen 4. Sacroiliac joint 5. Spinous process

Thank You Best Wishes For All