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Anatomy of the Cervical Spine
Physician Name Physician Institution Date
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Primary function Mobility, support, and protection of spinal canal and neural structures
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vertebrae (7) Intervertebral discs (6) Pairs of exiting nerve roots (8) Cervical lordosis Occ-C7 averages 40° Most of the lordosis occurs at the C1-C2 segment
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Approximately 50% of flexion-extension motion occurs at occiput-C1 Approximately 50% of rotation occurs at C1-C2 Lesser amounts of flexion-extension, rotation, and lateral bending occur segmentally between C2-C7
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Atypical vertebral structure C1 (atlas) Vertebral canal/foramen Anterior arch Anterior tubercle Transverse process Posterior arch Transverse foramen Lateral mass Inferior Superior Occipital condyles Foramen magnum
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Occiput-C1 segment The occiput-C1 joints are synovial joints comprising the convex occipital condyles, which articulate with the concave lateral masses of C1
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Occiput-C1 segment Motion at the occiput-C1 segment is restricted primarily to flexion-extension due to bony structures, ligamentous constraints, and the absence of an intervertebral disc
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Atypical cervical vertebra C2 (axis) Odontoid process or dens Vertebral canal/foramen Facet joints Transverse process Transverse foramen Bifid spinous process Lamina anterior view posterior view
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
The odontoid process of the axis (C2) extends cranially to form the axis of rotation with atlas (C1)
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
C1-C2 segment The primary motion at the C1-C2 joint is rotation
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
C1-C2 segment The primary motion at the C1-C2 joint is rotation
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Ligaments The cervical spine also features a complex arrangement of ligaments to supplement its structure and mobility
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligaments Ligamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligaments Ligamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligaments Ligamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligaments Ligamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligaments Ligamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligaments Ligamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Neural elements 8 pair of cervical nerves Exit the spinal canal superior to the vertebrae for which they are numbered C1 nerves exit the canal between Occ & C1 C2 nerves exit the canal between C1 & C2 C8 nerves exit the canal between C7 & T1
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Arteries Carotid arteries Located anterior and bilateral to the spine Vertebral arteries Enter the transverse foramen at C6 and continue through C1
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Veins Jugular veins Located bilateral and anterior to the spine. Vertebral veins Located within the transverse foramen of C1-C7
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
Neural and Circulatory Elements
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