Ragib Hasan Johns Hopkins University en Spring 2011 Lecture 1 01/31/2011 Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing

Welcome to the class Administrative details When? : Monday 3pm-3.50pm Where?: Shaffer 302 Web: Instructor: Ragib Hasan, 324NEB, Office hours: Monday 4pm-5pm (more TBA) 1/31/20112en Spring 2011

Introductions Please tell us – Your name – What level (grad, undergrad, PhD/MS/BS) you are currently – Your advisor – Your research interests – Anything fun/interesting about you 1/31/2011en Spring 20113

Goals of the course Identify the cloud computing security issues Explore cloud computing security issues Learn about latest research 1/31/20114en Spring 2011

Plan Each week, we will – Pick a different cloud computing security topic – Discuss general issues on the topic – Read one or two latest research paper on that topic 1/31/20115en Spring 2011

Evaluations Based on paper reviews – Students taking the course for credit will have to submit 1 paper review per week – The reviews will be short, 1 page discussion of the paper’s pros and cons (format will be posted on the class webpage) 1/31/20116en Spring 2011

Example Review Summary Mention what problem the paper addresses. What is the approach, and what are the results. Pros Advantages or features you liked. At least 3. Cons Disadvantages or shortcomings. At least 3. Ideas How can you improve the system? Short 2/3 sentence comment on your ideas. 1/31/2011en Spring 20117

Topics we will cover 1/31/2011en Spring Data and computation integrity and confidentiality Infrastructure, topology Data Privacy NetworkingForensics

What is Cloud Computing? 1/31/20119en Spring 2011 Let’s hear from the “experts”

What is Cloud Computing? 1/31/2011en Spring The infinite wisdom of the crowds (via Google Suggest)

What is Cloud Computing? 1/31/2011en Spring Larry Ellison, founder of Oracle We’ve redefined Cloud Computing to include everything that we already do.... I don’t understand what we would do differently in the light of Cloud Computing other than change the wording of some of our ads.

What is Cloud Computing? 1/31/2011en Spring Richard Stallman GNU It’s stupidity. It’s worse than stupidity: it’s a marketing hype campaign

What is Cloud Computing? 1/31/2011en Spring Ron Rivest The R of RSA Cloud Computing will become a focal point of our work in security. I’m optimistic …

So, What really is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is a new computing paradigm, involving data and/or computation outsourcing, with – Infinite and elastic resource scalability – On demand “just-in-time” provisioning – No upfront cost … pay-as-you-go 1/31/2011en Spring That is, use as much or as less you need, use only when you want, and pay only what you use,

The real story “Computing Utility” – holy grail of computer science in the 1960s. Code name: MULTICS 1/31/2011en Spring Why it failed? Ahead of time … lack of communication tech. (In other words, there was NO (public) Internet) And personal computer became cheaper and stronger

The real story Mid to late ’90s, Grid computing was proposed to link and share computing resources 1/31/2011en Spring

The real story … continued 1/31/2011en Spring Post-dot-com bust, big companies ended up with large data centers, with low utilization Solution: Throw in virtualization technology, and sell the excess computing power And thus, Cloud Computing was born …

Cloud computing provides numerous economic advantages For clients: – No upfront commitment in buying/leasing hardware – Can scale usage according to demand – Barriers to entry lowered for startups For providers: – Increased utilization of datacenter resources 1/31/2011en Spring

Cloud computing means selling “X as a service” IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service – Selling virtualized hardware PaaS: Platform as a service – Access to a configurable platform/API SaaS: Software as a service – Software that runs on top of a cloud 1/31/2011en Spring

Cloud computing architecture 1/31/2011en Spring e.g., Web browser SaaS, e.g., Google Docs PaaS, e.g., Google AppEngine IaaS, e.g., Amazon EC2

Different types of cloud computing 1/31/2011en Spring Amazon EC2 Clients can rent virtualized hardware, can control the software stack on the rented machines Google AppEngine Provides a programmable platform that can scale easily Microsoft Azure Clients can choose languages, but can’t change the operating system or runtime IaaS PaaS

So, if cloud computing is so great, why aren’t everyone doing it? 1/31/2011en Spring Clouds are still subject to traditional data confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy issues, plus some additional attacks

Companies are still afraid to use clouds 1/31/2011en Spring [Chow09ccsw]

Anatomy of fear … Confidentiality – Will the sensitive data stored on a cloud remain confidential? Will cloud compromises leak confidential client data (i.e., fear of loss of control over data) – Will the cloud provider itself be honest and won’t peek into the data? 1/31/2011en Spring

Anatomy of fear … Integrity – How do I know that the cloud provider is doing the computations correctly? – How do I ensure that the cloud provider really stored my data without tampering with it? 1/31/2011en Spring

Anatomy of fear … Availability – Will critical systems go down at the client, if the provider is attacked in a Denial of Service attack? – What happens if cloud provider goes out of business? 1/31/2011en Spring

Anatomy of fear … Privacy issues raised via massive data mining – Cloud now stores data from a lot of clients, and can run data mining algorithms to get large amounts of information on clients 1/31/2011en Spring

Anatomy of fear … Increased attack surface – Entity outside the organization now stores and computes data, and so – Attackers can now target the communication link between cloud provider and client – Cloud provider employees can be phished 1/31/2011en Spring

Anatomy of fear … Auditability and forensics – Difficult to audit data held outside organization in a cloud – Forensics also made difficult since now clients don’t maintain data locally 1/31/2011en Spring

Anatomy of fear … Legal quagmire and transitive trust issues – Who is responsible for complying with regulations (e.g., SOX, HIPAA, GLBA)? – If cloud provider subcontracts to third party clouds, will the data still be secure? 1/31/2011en Spring

What we need is to … Adapt well known techniques for resolving some cloud security issues Perform new research and innovate to make clouds secure 1/31/2011en Spring

Final quote 1/31/2011en Spring [Cloud Computing] is a security nightmare and it can't be handled in traditional ways. John Chambers CISCO CEO

1/31/201133en Spring 2011 Further Reading Armbrust et al., Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing, UC Berkeley Tech Report UCB/EECS , February Chow et al., Cloud Computing: Outsourcing Computation without Outsourcing Control, 1 st ACM Cloud Computing Security Workshop, November 2009.