1. 1 NETE4631 Course Wrap-up and Benefits, Challenges, Risks Lecture Notes #15

2. Class Overview Introduction to Cloud computing and its impact on organizations, businesses, and society Models of Cloud computing offerings (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) and deployment (public, private, hybrid) Strengthens and weaknesses of different types of Clouds (public, private, hybrid) Approaches Foundation of Cloud systems’ architectures Patterns and tactics for designing Cloud-based service oriented systems 2

3. Class Overview (2) Overview of Security and privacy challenges and solutions for Cloud-based systems Designing and Assessing strategies for migration to Clouds Managing, administering, monitoring, and supporting Cloud-based systems Benefits, challenges, and risks of Cloud Computing Evaluation and Comparison of proprietary and Open Source Cloud-based Solutions, e.g., EC2, Google AppEngine, Azure, Eucalyptus, and Hadoop. 3

4. 4 What is Cloud Computing? “Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” (A definition by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST)) Some of the characteristics Distributed computing at a massive scale On demand elasticity Exploiting existing technologies (Grid, Utility, Virtualization) Pay per use model Driven by economies of scale

5. 5 Main Aspects of a Cloud System

6. Designing Cloud-based Applications Design Requirements Scalable and Reliable (99.99% availability); fast? Inexpensive because of using commodity hardware Simple –combining scalability, reliability, speed and inexpensiveness with simplicity is a challenge Migration Which application or data to move in clouds? Functionality Mapping Analysis of critical features of application -------------- where to deploy the application------------ Analysis of features supported by cloud provider 6

7. Benefits Scalability Unlimited computer resources as needed Elasticity Ability to right-size resources as required Simplicity and low barrier to entry Simplified technical and access to business Utility Match resources to need on an ongoing basis 7

8. Benefits (2) Knowledgeable vendors Highly reputable and knowledgeable vendor in the business Security With expert vendors, your data may be more secure but no guarantee, so do your homework well Centralized data/ Reduced data loss/Monitoring/ Instant swap-over/ Logging/ Secure builds/ Improved software security/ Security testing 8

9. Case Study on Oil & Gas Industry The migration use-case of an IT System From a company’s in-house data center To Amazon EC2 9 System Overview System Deployed in the Cloud

10. Infrastructure costs Company C paid £104,000 to Company B for the system in 2005, £19,400 of which was for the system’s infrastructure. In addition, C paid B £43,000 per year for system support and maintenance, £3600 of which is for the running costs of the system infrastructure. Over a 5 year period, the total cost of the system infrastructure is therefore: £19,400 + (5 x £3,600) = £37000 10

11. Price Comparision Amazon EC2 provides an option of using either small or large server instances depending on the amount of CPU power and RAM required. In Cloud, 37% cheaper compared to 1 small and 1 large server instance 11

12. Support and Maintenance In 2005, 218 Support calls have been made regarding the operation of the system. The majority were about software problems. 45 calls were related to the system’s infrastructure. 38 calls – backup problems 5 calls – network problems 2 calls – power outages at B In cloud – 21% eliminated 12

13. Stakeholders’ Impact Analysis Stakeholders’ impact analysis is a method of identifying potential sources of benefits and risks from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. 13

14. Some potential constraints Sensitive information Cloud may not be for extremely private and sensitive data Encrypt your data before handing over to someone else such as using PGP Government can easily get information from third party Google can share data with government if its lawful request Read and understand the terms and conditions 14

15. Security Concerns Security are primary questions!!! Privacy concerns with a third party Do whatever appropriate to secure your data Vendor would do their best but you should do yours Hackers Identify and understand the potential motives of hackers Assess the security measures based on the motives 15

16. Early and New Cloud Applications (1) Compute Cloud Access to highly scalable, inexpensive, on-demand computing resources (2) Cloud Storage Outsourcing storage solution (3) Cloud-based Applications Cloud infrastructure is utilized for multi-instance, multi-tenant applications Software application delivered through web browsers Example Collaboration, data analysis, Mobility, Backup Apps 16

17. Cloud computing not suitable! Latency concerns and throughput demands Hard real time applications may not use clouds Bandwidth hungry applications may be quite expensive to run in clouds Software and Hardware dependencies Applications requiring specialized software or hardware such as chipsets Cost Depending, cloud bursting may be suitable Lack of need If you don’t need it, don’t try them out 17

18. Cloud computing not suitable! Integration with existing applications Cloud and non-cloud applications may create problems Geopolitical concerns No one known which privacy and protection laws apply Legislative issues Stored Communications Act enables FBI to access data without a warrant or the owner’s consent 18

19. Learning Outcome Describe different concepts and mechanisms underpinning Cloud computing and its potential impacts on businesses. Provide a detailed description of technologies and approaches enabling Cloud computing such as service-orientation, Internet infrastructures, virtualization, distributed computing, multi-tenancy, resource provisioning techniques, and protocols. 19

20. Learning Outcome (2) Evaluate and select an appropriate public cloud provider by applying the theoretical concepts and practical techniques from the course. Analyse and explain key aspects of building for and/or migrating systems to Cloud such as costs involved, potential benefits, security issues, regulatory concerns, and standards. 20

21. References Chapter 2 of Course Book: Cloud Computing Bible, 2011, Wiley Publishing Inc. Cloud Migration: A Case Study of Migrating an Enterprise IT System to IaaS, Khajeh-Hosseini, A., Greenwood, D., Sommerville, I., 2009 21