CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Safety Plans Are there any links? Dr Rainer E. Enderlein Regional expert, UNECE, Geneva

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Acknowledgment The following presentation uses pictures and graphs kindly prepared by my colleagues from DHI/Denmark and WHO/EURO; graphs from the WHO publication on water safety plans and a lecture from New Zealand, downloaded from the Internet

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 IWRM is a process, … … which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources … in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner … without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems (GWP, 2004)

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Implementing an IWRM process is a question of getting three pillars right (GWP, 2004): … moving towards an enabling environment (policies, strategies and legislation for sustainable water resources management, … putting in place the institutional framework (to implement the policies, strategies and legislation), … setting up the management instruments (required by the institutions to do their job)

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied Payments for ecosystem services considered

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied Reservoir releases negotiated Groundwater use regulated

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied Reservoir releases negotiated Groundwater use regulated Municipal wastewater standards enforced Water pollution control from mining and manufacturing implemented

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied Reservoir releases negotiated Groundwater use regulated Municipal wastewater standards enforced Water pollution control from mining and manufacturing implemented Impact on the marine environment (Black Sea) considered

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Ecosystem services examined and taken into account Good agricultural practice applied Reservoir releases negotiated Groundwater use regulated Municipal wastewater standards enforced Water pollution control from mining and manufacturing implemented Impact on the marine environment (Caspian Sea) considered Climate change adaptation measures considered

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Water management policies, strategies and legislation also comprise water use for drinking water and discharge of waste water Water-quality standards and pollution charges are part of the legislation Monitoring of surface waters and groundwater as well as source water quality IWRM – importance for water supply and sanitation

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 By the time monitoring shows that drinking- water maybe / is microbiologically contaminated many people may have been infected (in some cases fatally).

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Abstraction

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Abstraction Sub-basin (catchment)

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008

Two principal concepts –Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened.

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Two principal concepts –Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened. –Process Quality Assurance (QA) uses risk management QA tries to stop that something is going wrong.

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Water Safety Plans are a major Quality Assurance (QA) tool for drinking water quality management

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Water safety plan The objectives of a water safety plan are to ensure safe drinking-water through good water supply practice to: Prevent contamination of source waters; Treat the water to reduce or remove contamination to the extent necessary to meet the water quality targets; and Prevent re-contamination during storage, distribution and handling of drinking-water.

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 What are the hazards ? What events could occur ? What could be their effect on public health?

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 HAZARDCONSEQUENCEEVENT E. Coli Chlorinator fails People are sick

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 For each event: How severe would the public health consequences be? [Severity] How likely is the event to happen ? [Frequency]

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008

Decide the order of priority for managing each risk [use a benefit/cost approach] Decide the order in which to make improvements Develop a programme for managing the risks

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 Prepare an improvement schedule, taking into account the available resource Define the responsibilities for implementing the plan Specify a date for reviewing the plan

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 The WSP is one of the sets of drinking water quality management tools available to regulators and suppliers. The use of the WSP and IWRM tools should be integrated, so that they combine to function as a mutually supporting system.

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, May 2008 BANG! Integrated Water Resources Management being implemented Water supply and sanitation being improved