Future Internet A Sustainable Network Andrea Soppera – Network Research Centre BT Innovate

© British Telecommunications plc Various “patches” NAT, DPI, QoS, Security … Optics, Terabit routers Scale: BGPv4 Small academic TCP congestion control Sustainable Platform for Innovation? Rate of innovation Internet of Things Uncertain Future Sustainable Catastrophe Plateau

© British Telecommunications plc Catastrophe ahead ? ISP’s traffic policing inhibits new services Big 5 Tier I players go under Globality of Internet breaks down Internet nationalised in ……… ……. ….. …... World leaders call for action Soaring operational costs Increasing customer concern with service levels Limited investment in Super Fast Broadband Malicious attack crashes Internet

© British Telecommunications plc Plateau ahead ?  value flow from services to infrastructure broken: lack of network RoI reduces investment in capacity and capabilities which in tern limits application innovation also lack of network RoI causes network operators to limit costs via the introduction of restrictive practices (DPI etc) which in tern also limits application innovation  rising operational costs: as complexity rises, operation costs also rise, this coupled with the lack of RoI causes ever greater restrictive practices for the operator just to maintain his margins plus a spiralling downwards of innovation  limited cross-layer interaction: limited sharing of information across the network/application boundary stifles innovation in all areas  security, privacy & trust: often tackled separately by different parts of the value chain which complicates solutions, limits opportunities for innovation, drives up costs, reduces viability …

© British Telecommunications plc What must be done (differently)  Neither incremental evolution NOR Clean Slate  But larger step size in our evolution Vision 1 Vision 2 Vision 3  Vision driven change  Diversity in visions wanted!  Plan for transition & change  Integration of research, test-beds, regulation and industry  Experimental validation of technologies but also business and regulatory approaches!

© British Telecommunications plc Future Internet Vision: A Sustainable Network  Sustaining Innovation  New applications  New business models and industry structures  Open for innovation  Dynamic - MUST sustain change  Economic Sustainability  Value flow across the value chain  RoI  Lower cost of operation  Environmental Sustainability  Zero Carbon Internet (2%)  Sustaining Internet (ICT impact on 98%)  Socially Sustaining  Security, Privacy & Trust  Digital divide / access  Culture & spiritual background We need a new sustainable architecture - urgently! Trilogy Project

© British Telecommunications plc Trilogy – An Architecture for Change Main Objectives  Develop a unified control architecture for the Future Internet that can adapt in a scalable, dynamic and robust manner to local operational and business requirements  Develop and evaluate new technical solutions for key Internet control elements: re- achability & resource control  Assess commercial and social control aspects, including internal & external strategic evaluation congestion control load-dependent, multi-path topology discovery, reachability routing policy economic drivers traffic engineering TRILOGY re-feedback reachability mechanisms resource control business Trilogy Concept

© British Telecommunications plc Trilogy Design Principles +  Original Internet design principles  Socio-economic goals =  Trilogy’s ‘tussle- aware’ Design Principles

© British Telecommunications plc Trilogy Design Principles +  Connectionless datagrams  Packet switching  IP at the waist of the hourglass  End-to-end principle  Accountability (for usage of scarce resources)  Efficiency (maximise utility)  Sustainability (resilience, scalability)  Diversity (of businesses, networks, apps, users…) =  Information exposure  Data (or transaction) integrates info about its resource usage  Separate policy and mechanism  Increase utilization and agility while controlling the cost of the infrastructure  Fuzzy ends  Need application more sensitive to network usage and network more friendly to applications  Resource pooling  Cost effective way for the Internet to achieve high network utilization and secure future innovation

© British Telecommunications plc Scenario: Managing P2P Traffic Those who take most, get most. Can we afford to have an Internet without resource control? Allow faster light usage. Better Customer Experience

© British Telecommunications plc Packet Forwarding Transport Apps/Network Control Apps/Network Policy Socio Economic Re-Feedback + Multi-Homing Applications control “Sharing of Resources” “Routing + Transport” Multi-Path, Multi-Layer, Multi-session Prioritize user/service/flows according to “control information” Network Control Accountability of Resources Future Internet – A multilayer Incentive Framework Allowing application to have the freedom to innovate while networks police resource usage Incentive to have application more sensitive to resource usage “Application” ensures that service run to user expectations “Network” ensures that services are accounted on resource usage TusslesPolicy Accountability

© British Telecommunications plc Exposure of “Control Information” Sender Receiver Congestion Feedback Router marks packet (red) Sender re-insert congestion feedback (black) Network can monitor resource usage Sender reveals congestion created throughout the network Can the network know  the cost of carrying traffic?  how user impacts other users/services?  Link between cost and congestion information (Kelly) (e.g. Ryanair).  Problem cannot be solved at the IP layer. Within the Internet Architecture this function was given solely to the “End System” Re-Feedback Economic Sustainability

© British Telecommunications plc Sender Receiver Can the Network Provider:  support an accountable allocation of resources?  associate infrastructure costs to customers?  provide more QoS to an application? “Lightweight” Network Control Mechanism  No resource allocation and control mechanism in the resources – control at the ingress Accountability Framework Economic Sustainability

© British Telecommunications plc Improve Application Performance The accountability framework  provides more freedom to application provider  incentivise application to be more sensitive to resource usage  Example: Bit Torrent DNA –(currently penalized by volume despite being friendly).  Application best place to:  Exploit co-operative transmission  Choose the best path for transmission (e.g. low cost path).  Ensure performance but also fairness with other applications.  Manage mobility and multi-homing. Increasing Customer Value

© British Telecommunications plc Overall Benefits High availability, robustness to overload and low latency. Increased capacity utilization for voice and videos. SaaS – Cloud Based Computing Resilience at acceptable cost with flexibility and high utilization Opportunity to use any spare bandwidth resource More bandwidth for more content centric application More privacy, security and greener equipment Robustness and load balance across peering links Everyone gets more freedom but the network is now sustainable

© British Telecommunications plc Conclusions Global Network Infrastructure Services Users Sustaining Innovation Economic SustainabilityEnvironmental Sustainability Socially Sustaining