North America: The Human Landscape Current News and Weather Current News and Weather Finish Slides Finish Slides Environmental Issues Environmental Issues Population and Settlement Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity Cultural Coherence and Diversity Economic and Social Development Economic and Social Development For Next Class: Unnatural Causes Background at For Next Class: Unnatural Causes Background at

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© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Human Modification: Environmental Issues

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. Energy Consumption

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Uneven pattern of distribution Megalopolis Census data Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Population and Settlement

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Urban Skylines

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. European settlement expansion –1st Stage (1600–1750) –2nd Stage (1750–1850) –3rd Stage (1850–1910) Population: Historic Patterns

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 9 European Settlement Expansion –1 st Stage (1600–1750) –2 nd Stage (1750–1850) –3 rd Stage (1850–1910) Figure 3.13 Population: Historic Patterns

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 Westward Migration African-American Migration from the South Rural-to-Urban Migration Migration to the Sunbelt South Nonmetropolitan Growth Figure 3.14 North Americans on the Move

What is amenity migration and what are the push and pull factors?

Amenity Migration: Process of people moving to areas due to actual or perceived higher environmental quality Push Factors: Urban environments (traffic, density, stress, pollution, limited recreation, etc.) Pull Factors: Recreational opportunities (skiing, biking, kayaking), open space, rural lifestyle, public land, etc.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 18 American City Growth –Changing Transportation Technologies –Urban Decentralization Figure 3.16

Stage I – Walking-Horsecar Era –Pedestrian city characterized by compactness Stage II – Electric Streetcar Era –Streetcar suburbs developed as the 30-minute travel radius expanded greatly –Helped to differentiate space in older core city

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 20 Figure 3.16

Stage III – Recreational Automobile Era –Automobiles and highways significantly improved the accessibility of the outer metropolitan ring –Mass wave of suburbanization resulted –Residential space became even more partitioned by class and race Stage IV – Freeway Era –High speed expressways further extended the 30- minute travel radius

A significant product of this Freeway Era has been suburbanization and the associated suburban sprawl that characterizes many landscapes across the country.

Displacement of lower income residents of central-city neighborhoods with higher income residents Rehabilitation of deteriorated inner-city landscapes Construction of new shopping complexes and/or entertainment complexes

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 24 Gentrification New Urbanism Figure 3.18 Pittsburgh’s SouthSide Works neighborhood is evidence of an urban renaissance on the site of an old steel plant Settlement Geographies: Urban

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 25 Urban Periphery Figure 3.19 Suburban development in Douglas County, CO, miles south of Denver’s Central Business District Settlement Geographies: Suburban

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 26 Repeating geometric patterns are a hallmark of rural North American landscapes –Township and Range “stamp” in Iowa Figure 3.20 Settlement Geographies: Rural

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 27 Figure 3.21

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Globally dominant and diverse culture Close ties to Anglo roots Ethnic groups Cultural assimilation Cultural Coherence and Diversity

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Dominant geographies U.S. Hispanic and Asian Populations

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 30 Geopolitical Issues Figure 3.31 Challenges to Federalism: –Quebec Secession –Native Land Claims Politics of Immigration