The Classical Era ( ) The Enlightenment:

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Presentation transcript:

The Classical Era (1750-1820) The Enlightenment: Reason & philosophy > social & religious establishment Middle class > Aristocracy Wars with the purpose of revolution French Revolution Napoleon becomes Emperor by involvement, not birthright. Turning away from the elaborate, & extravagant

Baroque – Breakfast Documening an action, but nothing behind it. No purpose

Classical -

Gin lane - alcoholism

Classical Music Functional Harmony Simpler, lighter and clearer than Baroque Emphasis on grace, elegance and beauty Orchestra grows in size and instrumentation Concentration on new homophonic forms: Symphony, Concerto, String Quartet, Sonata Functional Harmony http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmoA5fy_kvQ Two main elements: TONIC (I) Acts like a resting place, feels like ‘home base’ DOMINANT (V) Wants to pull back to the tonic. Feels full of tension and unease. 8

Sonata Form The Classical Era’s most popular form Used in Symphonies, Concertos, String Quartets, Sonatas. When used, Sonata form is almost always seen in the first movement and in a moderate to quick tempo.

Sonata Form Introduction Exposition – first appearance of themes Development – themes are developed Recapitulation – Exposition is recapped Coda – Short ending

Sonata Form Exposition – two themes are introduced: Development Theme A (in the tonic key) Theme B (in the dominant key) The Exposition is played twice Development One or both of the themes are developed No set or typical length Recapitulation Restatement of the Exposition (no repeat) Both themes played in the tonic

Optional Elements Coda – Literally translating to ‘tail’, a brief passage at the end of the work serving as a finale. Cadenza – Usually found in concertos or sonatas, an improvised unaccompanied solo. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qb_jQBgzU-I (:25) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACpOAT8ZcF0&feature=related (top, then 1:20) 12

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Early musical training at age 6 as a choirboy, harpsichordist and violinist Age 17, began freelancing career Worked as teacher, accompanist and street musician Self-taught on composition Successful compositions brought fame and notoriety. 1761: Kapellmeister to the Esterhazy family Composer, performer, conductor, etc. Born in Austria. Age 8 recruited to Viennese Boys’ Choir 13

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Popular and influential Close friend to Mozart Beethoven traveled to study with him Developed genres of Symphony and String Quartet As a composer helped elevate both to higher musical statuses Quirky composer, light and sarcastic wit Surprise Symphony Farewell Symphony http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqXtKCdqRNA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uICvLchS2kg (top, then 4:00) 14