Earthquake Safety

Earthquake Risk

Causes of earthquake damage can include: Shaking Liquefaction Aftershocks Tsunamis

Shaking Produced by seismic waves - most violent Kilometers away from the epicenter S Waves (side to side & up and down motion) Damage: Land slides or avalanches Destruction to buildings, roads and pipes Shaking depends on type of rock and soil

Aftershocks Small earthquake that occurs after a larger one Earth settling Can take place hours, days or months later

Tsunamis Earthquake Water displaced forms a wave carrying energy (low height in the ocean) Closer to the beach it begins to pull water and creates the "wall of water"

Liquefaction Shaking turns loose soft soil into liquid mud Soil must be full of moisture "Quicksand"

To reduce earthquake damage, new buildings must be made stronger and more flexible.

Seismic Safe Buildings Base Isolators Tension Ties Cross Ties Dampers Flexible Pipes

Seismic Safe Buildings nology_and_society/cfh-1020_frames.html