1. Seismic Jeopardy!

2. Seismic Jeopardy! Better Safe than Quarry Hazards!! Locating Quaking Crust in Motion Fault Monitor 10 20 30 40 50

3. What are 2 tools that scientists use to monitor fault movement?

4. 1.Creep meters 2.Laser-ranging devices 3.Tilt meters 4.Satellites Back to Menu

5. Elevation Relief What are Elevation and Relief?

6. Back to Menu Elevation Elevation is a landform’s height above sea level. Relief Relief is the difference between highest and lowest elevations.

7. What poses the most danger during an earthquake?

8. Back to Menu Falling objects.

9. What are 3 types of landforms? Describe their elevations and reliefs.

10. Back to Menu Plains: Plains: have varying elevations (Coastal / Interior) and low relief. Plateaus: Plateaus: a flat top with high elevation and relief. Mountains: Mountains: high elevations & reliefs.

11. Where is the safest area to be during an earthquake? What areas should you avoid?

12. The safest area is outside, away from falling objects. Avoid outer walls and windows. Final Jeopardy Back to Menu

13. Aside from buildings, what other important things can earthquakes damage?

14. Back to Menu Power lines Water mains Gas lines Roads Bridges

15. An earthquake has just occurred and you’re still alive! But you are not out of danger yet. Why?

16. Aftershocks Aftershocks – smaller, residual quakes – can occur shortly after the primary quake. Back to Menu

17. Liquefaction Describe Liquefaction and how it occurs.

18. Liquefaction Liquefaction is when soil turns into a liquid mud. This is due to rapid, violent vibrations in the earth. Back to Menu

19. Tsunami Describe the process that can cause a Tsunami out in the middle of the ocean.

20. When one plate subducts, the friction can cause the overlying plate to bend. Releasing this energy (an earthquake) can trigger a massive wave. Back to Menu

21. What information can you gather from this picture?

22. 1.The materials / soil of this road were loosely packed Liquefaction 2.An earthquake occurred with a lot of motion to cause Liquefaction Final Jeopardy Back to Menu

23. Where do earthquakes primarily occur?

24. Back to Menu Fault Along a Fault, or break in Earth’s surface where plates move past one another.

25. Focus Epicenter What is the difference between the Focus and the Epicenter of an earthquake?

26. Back to Menu Focus The Focus is the starting point of a quake, underground. Epicenter The Epicenter is the point directly above the focus at the surface.

27. What are the 3 types of seismic waves? Give a characteristic of each.

28. Back to Menu Primary Waves Primary Waves: first to arrive, compression / tension stress. Secondary Waves Secondary Waves: arrive second, up & down or side to side motion. Surface Waves Surface Waves: P & S waves that reach the surface, severe ground movement.

29. How can we use seismic waves to learn more about Earth’s interior?

30. Back to Menu P-waves can travel through any state of matter. S-waves can not pass through liquids or air.

31. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 (km) What do the shapes below represent? Explain.

32. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 (km) Final Jeopardy Back to Menu The circles represent seismograph stations. Using time between P & S waves, they can tell how far away a quake occurred. Using 3 or more stations, they can triangulate the exact location.

33. Stress What is Stress?

34. Stress Stress is the measure of force applied to a given area. Back to Menu

35. What effect does stress have on rocks and crust?

36. Deformation, which changes the shape or volume. Back to Menu

37. What do the following animations represent?

38. Back to Menu Compression stress and Tension stress.

39. Anticlines Synclines What are Anticlines and Synclines?

40. Anticlines Anticlines are an upward fold or peak in rock. Synclines Synclines are a downward fold or smile in rock. Back to Menu

41. Describe the 3 types of Faults. What types of stress are they associated with?

42. Normal faults Normal faults are when the hanging wall moves down from Tension stress. Reverse faults Reverse faults are when the hanging wall moves up from Compression stress. Strike-slip Strike-slip faults are when plates slide past each other from Shear stress. Final Jeopardy Back to Menu

43. Define Magnitude.

44. A measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. Back to Menu

45. What is the Mercalli scale and why is it no longer used?

46. Rates earthquake according to damage dealt. Was not accurate. Back to Menu

47. What is the Richter scale?

48. Developed by Charles Richter, this scale measures the intensity of ground movements. Back to Menu

49. What is Moment Magnitude? Why is it the preferred method for measuring earthquakes?

50. Back to Menu Moment Magnitude measures the total energy an earthquake releases. Preferred because it can measure any size earthquake, no matter how far.

51. What does this graph tell us about the increments of the Richter scale?

52. Final Jeopardy Back to Menu That the magnitude from one step to the next is a difference of 10 times!

53. Demonstrate proper earthquake safety! Go! Go! Go! EARTHQUAKE!!!

55. Back to Menu