AVANCEMOS II UNIDAD 5 Gramática

~ísimo(s), ~ísima(s), p. 258 To add emphasis to some adjectives, you can attach the ending ~ísimo(a)(os)(as). If the adjective ends in a vowel, drop it before adding the ending. Ejemplo: bello(a)> ¡Esta cocina es bellísima! (This kitchen is very (extremely) beautiful!) When the last consonant in the adjective is “c”, “g”, or “z”, spelling changes are required before adding “~ísimo (a, os, as). c > qu “rico>riquísimo” g > gu “largo>larguísimo” z > c “feliz>felicísimo” Completa Act. 5, p. 258

Usted/Ustedes commands “Mandatos formales”, p. 259 Used for respectful commands. Commands require a change in verb endings. Infinitive Present tense Usted Ustedes probar(ue) yo pruebo pruebe prueben comer yo como coma coman añadir yo añado añada añadan Pruebe el té. (Taste the tea.) Coman la merienda. (Eat the snack.) *Add “no” before the verb to make commands negative. (No coman la merienda. = Do not eat the snack.)

Irregular usted/ustedes commands dar (to give) estar (to be) ir (to go) saber (to know) ser usted dé esté vaya sepa sea ustedes den estén vayan sepan sean Vaya a la cocina. (Go to the kitchen.) No estén tristes. (Don’t be sad.)

“~car, ~gar, ~zar” verbs These verbs have a spelling change in the command form. buscar busque pagar pague empezar empiece Completa Actividad 6, p. 260

Pronoun placement with commands, p. 264 Placement depends on whether the command is affirmative or negative. With affirmative commands, pronouns are attached to the end of the verb. Llévenos al supermercado. (Take us to the supermarket.) Pónganlas en la mesa. (Put them on the table.) *An accent is added to the stressed vowel of the command of two or more syllables.

Negative commands & object pronoun placement Object pronouns are placed BEFORE the verb and after “no” No le venda esta camisa. (Don’t sell her/him this shirt.) No lo prueben. (Don’t taste it.) Completa Actividad 13, p. 265

Affirmative & Negative words, p. 283 Indefinite words that refer to non-specific people, things, or situations can be affirmative or negative. Affirmative words Negative algo something nada nothing alguien someone nadie no one algún/ alguno(a)(s) some ningún/ ninguno(as)(s) none, not any o…o either…or ni…ni neither…nor siempre always nunca never también also tampoco neither, either

Rules of affirmative/negative words Alguno(a) and ninguno(a) have different forms before masculine singular nouns. alguno > algún ninguno > ningún ¿Quieres algún filete? (Do you want some steak?) No, no quiero ningún plato con carne. (No, I do not want any dish with meat.)

No veo nada. (I do not see anything.) A double negative is required in Spanish when “no” comes before the verb. Indefinite words that follow “no” must be negative. No veo nada. (I do not see anything.) When “alguien” or “nadie” is the object of a verb, it is preceded by the personal a. ¿Conoces a alguien de España? (Do you know anyone from Spain?) No, no conozco a nadie de España. (No, I do not know anyone from Spain.) Completa Actividad Actividad 6, p. 284

Double object pronouns, p. 288 For placement of both direct and indirect object pronouns in the same sentence. The indirect object pronoun comes first. La camarera nos trajo el caldo a Juan y a mí. > The waitress brought the broth to Juan and me. La camarera nos lo trajo. > The waitress brought it to us. 2. When a conjugated verb appears with an infinitive or a verb in the ~ndo form, you can put the pronouns before the conjugated verb OR attach them to the infinitve or ~ndo form. Me los vas a pedir. OR Vas a pedírmelos. (You are going to ask me for them.)

Me los estás pidiendo. OR Estás pidiéndomelos Me los estás pidiendo. OR Estás pidiéndomelos. (You are asking me for them.) *When attaching pronouns, you must add an accent to the stressed vowel. 3. If both pronouns start with the letter “l”, change the indirect object to “se”. Le pedí la cuenta al camarero. > Se la pedí. (I asked him for it.) ¿Les puedes llevar el té a esas mujeres? > ¿Puedes llevárselo? (Can you take it to them? Completa Activitad 13 & 14, p. 289