Thursday 11-13-14 Update SN (Journal Check Next Week!) Grade Rock Cycle Lab & Types of Rocks WS Topographic Map Notes Lake Lackawanna WS

Topographic Maps By the end of class be able to Interpret a topographic map Identify where the slope is steep or gentle The elevation of locations on the map Where hilltops, valleys, & rivers are Draw a profile of a topographic map

Topographic Maps Two dimensional model of the Earth’s surface (represents 3-D world) Shows surface features of the earth including; natural features like rivers, lakes and mountains manmade features like cities, roads, and bridges.

Contour Lines - represent elevations (height in relationship to sea level.)

“Real World” Contour Map

Topographic Maps A Contour Line – - connects points of EQUAL elevation. - show elevation - and shape of the land

Relief – difference between highest and lowest contour lines on map What is the relief of this map? Highest = 30 m -Lowest = 0 m 30 m

Topographic Maps Contour Interval – difference in elevation between each line. MUST be equal value between any 2 lines. 600-500 = # of lines between = 100/5 = Contour interval = 20 feet 580 560 100 540 520 5

Topographic Maps Index Contour – Usually every 5th line is printed darker and has an elevation printed on it.

Rules for Contours Contour lines never cross

Rules for Contours Contours form closed loops (even if not shown of the map.) The innermost circle is the top of the hill.

Rules for Contours 3. Contours bend upstream (uphill) when crossing a stream, forming a “V” or “U” in the map

Rules for Contours The maximum possible elevation for a hill is “1” less than what the next contour “should” be. The highest possible elevation of the hill is just below the value of  the next line that is not shown 90 80 70 60 50

399 B 179 A C 239

Closely Spaced Contours 5. Steeper Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are closer together.

Wide Spaced Contours 6. Gradual/Gentle Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are farther apart.

A B

Depressions Contour lines which show a depression, crater, or sinkhole on a map. Shown by dashed lines (hachure marks) on the inside of a contour line The elevation of the first depression contour is the same as the lowest regular contour near it.

Rules for Contours The lowest possible elevation for a depression is “1” more than what the next contour “should” be. The lowest possible elevation of a depression is just above the value of  the next line that is not shown 90 90 51 80 70 60 50

100 100 50

Benchmarks a location whose exact elevation is known and is noted on a brass or aluminum plate. bench marks are shown on maps by an X with the letters BM written next to them.

Map Scales Indicates the distance on the map compared to distance in the real world Graphical - by a line divided into equal parts and marked in units of length.

(There are 63,360 inches in a mile) Map Scales Numerically – usually by writing a fraction to show what part of the true distances map distances really are. 1:63,360 One inch on the map equals 63,360 Inches in the real world. (There are 63,360 inches in a mile)

Gradient The slope between any two points on a hill Gradient = Change in Elevation Horizontal Distance Rise (Y) Run (X)

Gradient Change in elevation = 280 ft – 220 ft = 60 ft Contour Interval = 20 ft = 60 ft Distance travelled = 5 mi 280 200 220 2 4 6 8 10 miles Change in Elevation Horizontal Distance 60 ft 5 mi = 12 ft/mi

Gradient A trail is four miles long as measured by the scale on a map. The beginning of the trail is at the 1,060 ft contour line and the end of the trail is at the 960 ft contour line. Calculate the gradient of the trail. Gradient = = 1060 ft – 960 ft 4 miles 100 ft 4 mi = 25.0 ft/mi

10m 40 Contour interval = 2. Relief = 3. Which hill has a depression at the top of it? 4. The highest mountain is Color the steepest area red and the gentlest slope green Oak hill Ash hill

To Do Lake Lackawanna WS

Monday 11-18-13 Fill out Planner for the week Check Trout Brook Journal Check THURSDAY (or turn it in today for extra credit!) Check Trout Brook Finish Notes Topographic Map Lab Start Review (front page only)

To Do: Extra Credit for Journals? Topographic Map Lab First page of Review