1. Name: ___________________________ Period: _________ Date: _____________________________

2.  Show the natural and man-made surface features  Indicates landforms, bodies of water, streets/roads, and cities  Use contour lines to show changes in elevation  USGS mapped United States and are updated regularly  Most common: 7.5 minute map  Scale: 1:24000 (inches)

4.  Definition: A line that connects points of the same elevation  Color: brown  Index Contour Line: line labeled with elevation; every 5 th contour line is an index  Interval is the difference in elevation between 2 consecutive contour lines; usually 20 ft.  Isobaths: show elevation of land below water; usually BLUE in color

6.  When a contour line crosses a valley, it will make a “V”. The apex of the “V” will point to Higher elevation; or the river flows OUT of the “V”.

8.  When land is going down in elevation due to an impact, hole, crater, or lake.  Contour line will be marked with hachures. Follow the same rule as contour lines.  RULE: The first depression line is equal to the contour before it.  Thereafter, decrease each depression line by the contour interval

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12.  The closer lines are spaced, the STEEPER the gradient  The further apart lines are spaced, the MORE GENTLE the gradient.  Slope of the land can be measured by difference in ELEVATION divided by DISTANCE covered.

14.  North is always indicated on a map. It is always understood that North is the TOP OF THE MAP.  Magnetic Declination: the angle by which a compass needle will vary from true north (geographic North)  A LEGEND will give a list of symbols that represent objects on the map.  Also referred to as a KEY.

17.  Map Scales:  Tell how the map compares in size with the piece of earth it represents.  3 ways to express:  VERBAL:1 cm represents 50 km  GRAPHICAL:0------1------2------3 miles  NUMERICAL:1: 1000 (read: distance measured on map is actually this distance on earth) ** SAME UNITS**  The more closely the map approaches the land in size, the larger the scale on the map.  Example:  A map of the US will have a scale of 1:500.  A map of NJ will have a scale of 1:5