20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid1 An Investigation into Control of Saltwater Intrusion Considering the Effects of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise H. F. Abd-Elhamid.

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Presentation transcript:

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid1 An Investigation into Control of Saltwater Intrusion Considering the Effects of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise H. F. Abd-Elhamid A.A. Javadi 20th - SWIM School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Computational Geomechanics Group School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid2  Saltwater intrusion problem  The main causes of Saltwater intrusion  The impact of climate changes and sea level rise on SWI  Measures to control SWI  The limitations of the previous methods to control SWI  The proposed methodology to control SWI  The objectives of 2D-FEST model  Model results  Conclusions Outline 20th - SWIM School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid3 Saltwater Intrusion  Coastal regions (70% of population)  Population growth  Increase water demands   Increase the extraction from aquifers  Saltwater intrusion migration  Salinization (2-3%)  Abandonment of freshwater supply  SWI control

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid4 The main causes of Saltwater intrusion 1- Human activities - Over-pumping 2- Natural events - Climate changes - Sea level rise - Tides   Climate change - Human activities (global worming) - Natural changes (volcanoes, sun)   Sea level rise - Thermal expansion of seas & oceans - Melting of glaciers and ice caps - Melting of Antarctic ice sheets

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid5 Estimation of sea level rise - - Last Century (10-20) cm (IPCC1996) - - Current Century (20-88) cm (IPCC2001)   The combined impact of sea level rise and over-pumping on SWI

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid6 Measures to control Saltwater Intrusion 1. Reduce pumping rates. 2. Relocate pumping wells. 3. Subsurface barrier 4. Natural recharge 5. Artificial recharge (injection wells) 6. Extraction wells

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid7 6- Extraction wells 6- Extraction wells - - Extract brackish water - Dispose it to the sea - Dispose it to the sea 5- Artificial recharge (injection wells) 5- Artificial recharge (injection wells) - Surface spread (unconfined) -injection wells (confined) - injection wells (confined) - Injected water may be from (surface water, ground water, (surface water, ground water, treated waste, desalinated treated waste, desalinated seawater.) seawater.)

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid8 The limitations of the previous methods to control SWI   Short term solution (population growth)  Not efficient for deep aquifers  Availability of fresh water for recharge  The cost of Fresh water reated waste water for recharge  Using treated waste water for recharge esalinated sea water for recharge  Using desalinated sea water for recharge  Disposal of brackish water to the sea and the effects on marines, fishing and tourism   Disposal of brackish water to the sea and the effects on marines, fishing and tourism  Sea level rise due to climate change not considered

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid9 The proposed methodology (ADR) 1-(A)Abstract brackish water 1-(A) Abstract brackish water 2-(D) Desalinate brackish water using (RO) (RO) 3-(R) Recharge the 3-(R) Recharge the desalinated brackish water (part) Advantages 1-ncrease fresh water storage 1- Increase fresh water storage 2- Decrease saline water volume 3- Control saltwater intrusion 4- Increase water resources Overcomes shortcomings of previous methods ROvailability and cost of fresh water - RO: availability and cost of fresh water -Recovery rate (70-90%) - Recovery rate (70-90%) -Disposal of brine (30-10%) - Disposal of brine (30-10%)

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid10 The objectives of the 2D-FEST Model Develop a coupled transient finite element model for computing solute transport through saturated/unsaturated soils. Develop a coupled transient finite element model for computing solute transport through saturated/unsaturated soils. Study saltwater intrusion of miscible solute transport (density-dependant) Study saltwater intrusion of miscible solute transport (density-dependant) Use the developed model predict the extent and solute concentrations Use the developed model predict the extent and solute concentrations Study the effect of sea level rise due to climate change on saltwater intrusion for the current century (IPCC 2001). Study the effect of sea level rise due to climate change on saltwater intrusion for the current century (IPCC 2001). Use the developed model to study the control of saltwater intrusion using different scenarios. Use the developed model to study the control of saltwater intrusion using different scenarios. Study the efficiency of the proposed methodology to provide a new source of water for coastal regions. Study the efficiency of the proposed methodology to provide a new source of water for coastal regions.

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid11 The steps of the proposed project Fresh waterBrackish water D L A w R w Sea 1- Simulate SWI and predict salts extent and concentrations 2- Simulate the effect of sea level rise due to climate changes ( cm/century) 3- Simulate different scenarios to control SWI (Recharge wells - Abstraction wells - Combination of Abstraction Recharge wells) 4- Simulation - Optimization (location – depth - rates) (location – depth - rates)

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid12 Model results - 2D-FEST Model - Henry (1964)

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid13 Model results - 2D-FEST Model - Henry (1964)

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid14 Sea level rise 10% 20%

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid15 Model results - 2D-FEST Model - SUTRA Code - INTERA Code - Henry (1964)

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid16 Conclusions The developed coupled transient finite element model gave good results to predict the extent and solute concentrations in coastal aquifers. The developed coupled transient finite element model gave good results to predict the extent and solute concentrations in coastal aquifers. The developed model can be used to Study saltwater intrusion of miscible solute transport (density-dependant). The developed model can be used to Study saltwater intrusion of miscible solute transport (density-dependant). The developed model can be used to study the effects of sea level rise on saltwater intrusion. The developed model can be used to study the effects of sea level rise on saltwater intrusion. Future (cont. current) work Use the developed model to study the control of saltwater intrusion using different scenarios. Use the developed model to study the control of saltwater intrusion using different scenarios. Simulation - Optimization models. Simulation - Optimization models. 21th SWIM. 21th SWIM.

20th-SWIMH.F.Abd-Elhamid17 Thanks Q & A 20th - SWIM School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics