MODULE “PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL” EMERGENCY PLANNING SAFE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

2 CONTENTS 1.Regulations goals and requirements 2.Incidents and accidents analysis during decommissioning

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”3 TRAINING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of training trainees should be able to:  Describe the main requirements concerning emergency planning during decommissioning.  List the incidents and accidents which have been analyzed in decommissioning safety reports for a specified nuclear facility (for example: KNPP decommissioning safety assessment report – incidents and accidents during preparation for safe enclosure).

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”4 REGULATION  Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy: requirements for development of internal and external emergency plans; requirements for review, coordination and approval of plans; requirements for organizational structure, financing, material, technical and staff assurance; obligations of licensees and permit holders in case of accident.  Regulation for emergency planning and emergency preparedness in case of nuclear and radiation accident: conditions and system for development of emergency plans; individuals applying emergency plans and their obligations; measures for mitigation and elimination of consequences; methods to notify population; measures to verify emergency preparedness.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”5 EMERGENCY PLANNING – DEFINITION, OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS  Definition Activity for setting in an emergency plan a system of measures for restriction and elimination of accident consequences and for establishment and maintenance of emergency preparedness.  Objectives Restriction and mitigation of accident consequences for human health, quality of life, property and environment.  Internal emergency plan: measures to restrict and eliminate the accident consequences; staff functional obligations for actions in case of accident; interaction with executive authorities in accordance with the external emergency plan.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”6 RESULTS FROM EXECUTION OF EMERGENCY PLANS  Take control over accident development;  Restriction and/or elimination of accident consequences;  Prevent occurrence of deterministic health impact on staff and population;  Duly and appropriate treatment of exposed individuals;  Decrease the probability of occurrence or restriction of stochastic health impact on population;  Prevent or restrict occurrence of non-radiation risks for staff and population;  Preservation of property;  Preparation for social and economic life restoration.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”7 INTERNAL EMERGENCY PLAN – REQUIREMENTS OF REQULATIONS  Analysis of possible accidents in a nuclear facility, resulting in radioactive release into environment, considering data from radiation and meteorological measurements  Analysis of radioactive substance releases into environment during accidents and assessment of impact on staff, population and environment  Development of scenarios for accident development

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”8 “KOZLODUY NPP” EMERGENCY PLAN – PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES  Purpose – to establish organization ensuring: maintenance of continuous emergency preparedness of “Kozloduy NPP” staff; achieving maximum effectiveness of: accident management and restriction its consequences; measures for protection of “Kozloduy NPP” staff and the environment.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”9 EMERGENCY PLAN – SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS, EMERGENCY STATES  Sequence of actions at: beyond the design basis accidents; events that may lead to non-design basis evolution of accident; exceptional events in result of human activity off “Kozloduy NPP” site, natural disasters, fires, floods and others violating NPP security and safety.  Emergency situations according to “Kozloduy NPP” emergency plan: general emergency; site area emergency; alert.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”10 INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS  Technical project for “Kozloduy” NPP units 1&2 decommissioning covers the incidents and accidents during: phase of final reactor shutdown; phase of safe enclosure preparation; phase of safe enclosure operation.  Incident and accident classification: abnormal operating mode; accidents during the phases of safe enclosure preparation and operation; beyond the design basis accidents.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”11 DECOMMISSIONING PHASES CHARACTERISTICS  In terms of nuclear safety: risk is dramatically decreasing; operator does not need to undertake neither automated nor urgent corrective actions.  In terms of radiation protection – risk is decreasing phase by phase due to: fuel is removed from core; most radioactively contaminated systems and equipment are decontaminated; removal of radioactive contaminated equipment.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”12 INCIDENTS/ACCIDENTS DURING DECOMMISSIONING PHASES  Incidents/accidents during phase “Safe enclosure preparation”: loss of spent fuel cooling capability; accidents at fuel handling; loss of spent decontamination solution.  Incidents/accidents during phase “Safe enclosure operation”: exhaust ventilation systems filter break due to undefined reason.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”13 CONCLUSIONS  Incidents and accidents shall not result in general emergency or site area emergency.  Countermeasures against risk associated with fuel assemblies storage in spent fuel pool are considered in emergency plan.

Project BG/04/B/F/PP , Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”14 REFERENCES  Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors, Safety Guide, SS № WS-G-2.1 (1999)  Generic Assessment Procedures for Determining Protective Actions during a Reactor Accident, IAEA- TECDOC-955 (1997)  Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy, 2002  Regulation for Emergency Planning and Emergency Preparedness in Case of Nuclear and Radiation Accident, 2004  Technical project for decommissioning of Units 1, 2 of NPP “Kozloduy”  Emergency Plan of Kozloduy NPP