Muscular system

Types of the muscle Skeletal:striated, and voluntary. Smooth:nonstiated, and involuntary. Cardiac:striated, and involuntary.

Types of connective tissues wrappings of skeletal muscle

Endomysium : a delicate connective tissue sheath surrounds muscle fibre. Perimysium : a coarser fibrous membrane surrounds several sheathed muscle fibers to form bundle of fibers called a fascicle. Epimysium : a tougher overcoat of connective tissue surrounds many fascicles.

The epimysia blend into the strong, cord- like tendons, or into sheet-like aponeurosis. Function:attaching the muscle to bone…. Providing durability Conserving space

Muscle function Providing movement Maintaining posture Stabilizing joint Generating heat

Origin : is the point where the muscle is attached to immovable or less movable bone. Insertion : is the point where the muscle attached to movable bone.

Prime mover : the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a movement. Antagonist : the muscle that reverse a movement.

Naming Skeletal muscles Direction of the muscle fibers Relative size of the muscle Location of the muscle Number of the origin Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion Shape of the muscle Action of the muscle

Types of body movements Flexion &extension: movement in sagittal plane

Rotation: It is the movement of a bone around its long axis atlas around the dens of axis

Abduction &adduction: moving the limb away or toward the midline of the body

Circumduction : is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Special movement Dosiflexion&planter flexion Inversion and eversion Supination and pronation opposition

Head muscles Facial Muscles (Frontalis, Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris, Buccinator,Zygomaticus) . Chewing Muscle (Buccinator,Masseter, Temporalis).

Facial muscles Frontalis : It raise the eyebrows It wrinkle the forehead Orbicularis oculi : It closes the eyes, blink.

Orbicularis oris: It closes the mouth Buccinator : It flatten the cheek.

Chewing Muscle Buccinator Masseter : It closes the jaw by elevating the mandible Temporalis: It is synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw.

Neck muscles Sternocleidomastoid : it is a paired muscles with two headed muscles, one from each side of the neck. platysma

Trunk muscles Anterior muscles Muscles of the abdominal wall Posterior muscles

Anterior muscles : Pectoralis major : a large fan shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest. It adduct and flex the arm. Intercostal muscles: External intercostal Internal intercostal innermost intercostal

Muscles of the abdominal wall : Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis

Posterior muscles : Trapezius : It is the most superficial muscles of posterior neck and upper trunk. It extend the head &antagonist sternocleidomastoid.

Latissmus Dorsi: Large, flat muscle pair that cover the lower back. Extends and adducts the humerus. Erector spinae: Deep muscles of the back.It extend the back.

Detoid Favorite injection Prime movers of arm abduction.

Muscle of the upper limb The first group include muscles that arise from the shoulder girdle and cross the shoulder joint to insert into the humerus (pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid).

The second group causes movement at the elbow joint (Biceps brachii,brachialis,brachioradialis, and triceps brachii)

The third group causes movement at the wrist joint (flexor carpi and flexor digitorum) (extensor carpi and extensor digitorum)

Muscles of lower limb Muscles causing movement at the hip joint Muscles causing movement at the knee joint Muscles causing movement at the ankle and foot joint

Muscles causing movement at the hip joint (gluteus maximus,gluteus medius,illiopsoas ,adductor muscles)

Muscles causing movement at the knee joint (hamstring group,sartorius ,quadriceps group)

Muscles causing movement at the ankle and foot joint (tibialis anterior,extensor digitorum longus,fibularis muscles,gastrocnemius,soles)