5/23/20151 Monday (February 14, 2011) Today’s Agenda: 1. Journal Question : What does the term “biodiversity” refer to? *2. Brief Lecture: Biodiversity & Taxonomy (Up to Slide 28) -Biotechnology Lecture on Wednesday -New Seating Chart on Wednesday 3. Film: Darwin Biography (List 10 facts about Darwin) 4. Homework: Buy a new composition book if you need it. a. Read Chapter 18 pages 337 – 350 b. Complete “What is classification?” - in your unit packet

5/23/20152 Lecture I: Biodiversity & Taxonomy By Dr. Rick Woodward

5/23/20153 Biodiversity & Evolution Dr. Rick Woodward

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5 California State Biology Content Standards *A. Students know biodiversity is the sum total of different kinds of organisms and is affected by alterations of habitats. B. Students know how to analyze changes in an ecosystem resulting from changes in climate, human activity, introduction of nonnative species, or changes in population size. C. Students know how fluctuations in population size in an ecosystem are determined by the relative rates of birth, immigration, emigration, and death.

5/23/20156 California State Biology Content Standards Evolution is the result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments. D. Students know how natural selection determines the differential survival groups of organisms. E. Students know a great diversity of species increases the chance that at least some organisms survive major changes in the environment. F. Students know how to analyze fossil evidence with regard to biological diversity, episodic speciation, and mass extinction.

5/23/20157 Biodiversity A. The rapidly growing human population, together with increasing consumption, is accelerating the conversion of forests, grasslands, and wetlands to agriculture and urban (housing) development..

5/23/20158 Biodiversity B. The inevitable result is the loss of most of the wild plants and animals that occupy those natural habitats.

Survival of the fittest: Evolution & Biodiversity 5/23/20159

Biodiversity Definition: A. The number and variety of organisms in a specific area. 5/23/201510

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5/23/ Taxonomy Identifying & naming of organisms Carolus Linneus Robert Whittaker

5/23/ Taxonomy A. To classify means to organize things into groups. B. The groups are based on the ways in which things are similar. C. The science of classifying living things is called Taxonomy. D. Aristotle began his system of taxonomy by dividing organisms into two large kingdoms (Plants & Animals)

5/23/ Scientific Naming A. Organisms can have several common or popular names. (Lion Fish, Angler Fish, Blue Tang) B. It might be hard to identify an organism if it has several names. C. To avoid this problem, scientists use a system that gives all organisms a scientific name.

5/23/ Scientific Naming D. For example, the scientific name for lion is Panthera leo. E. Panthera is the genus name for large cats, and the lions belong to the species leo. F. The language for naming organisms is called binomial nomenclature.

5/23/ Scientific Naming G. The system for giving organisms a scientific name was first developed by Carolus Linnaeus. H. His two-word naming system is called binomial nomenclature. I. The first part of the name is the genus; it is always capitalized. J. The last part of the name is the species; it starts with a smaller letter. K. Recall the example: Panthera leo

5/23/ Carolus Linnaeus Plantae Animalia 1700’sBotanist

5/23/ Classifying Organisms: Human Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens

5/23/ Mnemonic KingKingdom PhilipPhylum CameClass OverOrder For Family GreatGenus Spaghetti Species

Binomial Nomenclature A. Why was binomial nomenclature developed? Developed so that scientists writing and speaking different languages could still communicate with each other. a. Latin Language b. Homo sapiens 5/23/201520

Binomial Nomenclature A. Provided by Linnaeus. B. The naming of organisms (usually after they have been placed into “groups” or taxons). C. Successful since: (1) Each species has a unique name. (2) Shows species are closely related e.g. Panethera leo and Panthera tigris. D. Usually in Latin since: (1) Original scientific language. (2) Universally accepted. 5/23/201521

5/23/ Taxonomy A. Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into categories. B. The categories are known as taxa. C. These categories are arranged from most specific to general.

5/23/ Taxonomy D. The most specific classification into which an organism is placed is called the species. E. The next category of classification is the genus of the organism. F. Next, in degree of generality, is the family, followed by the order. G. The next level of generality is the class, followed by the phylum. H. The final, and most general category into which the organism is classified is called the kingdom. For example, humans are classified in the kingdom Animalia

5/23/ Taxonomy I. The first word, a Latin noun, names the genus of the organism. J. The second word, a Latin adjective describes some specific characteristics of the organism.

5/23/ Robert Whittaker Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Monera 1960’s : The Five Kingdoms

5/23/ Kingdom Fungi Fungus: Fly Agaric Mushroom Mushrooms Penicillum - Antibiotic

5/23/ Kingdom: Protista amoeba engulfing a paramecium Protozoans: Algae: Green algae

5/23/ Kingdom: Monera Bacteria

5/23/ Five Kingdom’s: Be able to match the kingdom with the appropriate example. 1. Plantae 2. Animalia 3. Fungi a. Mushrooms 4. Protista a. Amoeba b. Algae c. Paramecium 5. Monera a. Bacteria *6. Archaebacteria a. Unicellular Prokaryotes; waste products  Methane gas *7. Eubacteria a. Bacteria that cause tooth decay.

5/23/ Darwin’s Biography List 10 facts in your composition book on today’s film.