2. SPECIATION & CLASSIFICATION

4. Allopatric Speciation

7. Sympatric Speciation

9. Originalpopulation

10. Sympatric Speciation n Sympatric speciation is the genetic divergence of various populations (from a single parent species) inhabiting the same geographic region, such that those populations become different species.

11. Micro vs. Macro Evolution n MICROEVOLUTION- Genes within a population change over time n MACROEVOLUTION- Genes have changed so much that a new species is created

12. Species n organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

22. Taxonomy n Branch of biology that involves identification, naming, and classification of species

23. Linnaean System n Carolus Linnaeus (1700s) Swedish botanist n Language: Latin n Binomial Nomenclature: –Two part name: Genus and species

24. Examples n Panthera pardus (leopard) n Canis familiaris (domestic dog) n Mus musculus (house mouse) Genus, begins with capital letter Species, begins with lower case Italicized GenusSpecies

25. Common Names n Everyday names given to organisms. n Example - jellyfish, crayfish n Can be confusing. n Different in different areas, and countries

26. Aristotle n First person to classify organisms. n Categorized all organisms into 2 groups: plants & animals. n Plants - stem differences n Animals - habitat

27. Order of Classification groups DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies Dr. Ken please come over for some great soup!

28. Classification of Humans n Domain- Eukaryote n Kingdom - Animalia n Phylum - Chordata n Class - Mammalia n Order - Primates n Family - Hominidae n Genus - Homo n Species - sapiens

29. Three Domains Eubacteria Archaeabacteria Eukaryotes

31. Domain: Archaebacteria n Prokaryotic cells n Usually found in extreme environments. n Example - thermoacidophiles

32. Domain: Eubacteria n Prokaryotic cells n Example – n Escherichia coli ( E.coli)

33. Domain: Eukaryote n Contains the kingdoms that are eukaryotes n Plant n Animal n Protists n Fungi

34. Kingdom Protista n Eukaryotic cells n Unicellular & multicellular n Example - Ameba, paramecium

35. Kingdom Fungi nEnEnEnEukaryotic cells nHnHnHnHeterotrophic nMnMnMnMulticellular nEnEnEnExamples - mushrooms, yeasts.

36. Kingdom Plantae n Eukaryotic cells n Autotrophic n Multicellular n Example - poison ivy

37. Kingdom Animalia n Eukaryotic cells n Heterotrophic n Multicellular n Example - humans

38. Convergent Evolution Process in which unrelated species from similar environments have adaptations that seem very similar

39. Divergent Evolution Pattern of evolution in which two closely related species gradually become more and more dissimilar

40. Classification & Identification n Morphology - physical appearance n Embryology - appearance of embryos n Chromosomes n Biochemistry- DNA and amino acids

41. Why do we classify Organisms? n So we can organize them to make them easier to study. n Less confusing n Continuously changing as we learn more and with the - Now – 3 Domains

43. Phylogenetic Tree n Branched diagrams that shows evolutionary relationships n Each branch point is a common ancestor