The Planting of English America Remember the other colonizing powers: Spain, Swedes, France, Netherlands
Protestant Reformation in England King Henry VIII breaks with Roman Catholic Church Forms Anglican Church His daughter, Elizabeth, begins England’s Golden Age and a rivalry with Catholic Spain
Elizabeth Energizes England Elizabeth sends English seadogs to pirate and plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake also becomes first English seadog that would circumnavigate the globe.
First attempts at English colonization fail Sir Humphrey Gilbert fails in New Found Land Sir Walter Raleigh and The Lost Colony (Roanoke)
1588 The Defeat of Philip II’s Spanish Armada! England’s sea dogs defeat larger Spanish ships. England becomes “mistress of the ships”.
England reaches new heights Popular strong monarch Golden Age of Literature Sense of Nationalism Religious unity Mistress of the seas
Why England Sets Sail Mushrooming population Enclosure movement Unemployment Primogeniture Joint Stock Company By the 1600s the joint stock company was perfected, forerunner to modern capitalism (pooling capital)
Jamestown 1606 Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to settle in New World Searching for gold but cash crop turned out to be tobacco 1 st permanent settlement in the New World
Jamestown’s Starving Time Winter 1609 Early settlers worked little Mosquito Infested Disease Malnutrition Starvation 1608 Captain John Smith saved colony by his “no work, no food” policy. Pocahontas saves John Smith
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Powhatan’s Confederacy and the early settlers briefly coexisted – he wanted them as an ally to extend his power Colonists raided Indian food stuffs during starving time Lord de la Warr – governor arrived with orders to war with the Indians
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake First Anglo- Powhatan War (1614) Lord de la Warr ◦ Raided Indian Villages ◦ Burned houses ◦ Confiscated provisions ◦ Torched cornfields Ended in peace agreement Pocahontas married John Rolfe
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake 8 years later – Natives push back Natives pressed by land hungry whites European diseases Virginia Company says “perpetual war without peace or truce” English raids reduced population and drove remaining Indians westward
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Second Anglo- Powhatan War (1646) Last attempt Peace Treaty signed Banishes Chesapeake Indians from their native lands
Virginia: Child of Tobacco John Rolfe – “father of tobacco” cash crop - tobacco Plantation system First African Americans arrived in 1619 Most farmers couldn’t afford slaves at this time
Representative self government was born in Virginia The Virginia House of Burgesses set America on a road towards self-rule. James I called it a “seminary of sedition”.
1634 Maryland A “Catholic Haven” Founded by Lord Baltimore as a safe haven for persecuted Catholics. Feudal estates granted by Lord Baltimore to close associates Tobacco was cash crop
Maryland’s Act of Toleration Guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians but decreed death penalty to those not believe in divinity of Christ.
The British West Indies By 1600s Britain was successfully colonizing the West Indies Sugar was main crop grown by African slaves. Slave Codes established legal status of slaves / masters
Colonizing the Carolinas Back in England a brief Civil War had dispatched Charles I. Oliver Cromwell had ruled for 10 years but the Restoration had returned Charles II to the throne of England. Colonization could begin again. Oliver Cromwell
1670 Carolina founded 1670 Carolina founded Named for Charles II Close economic ties to West Indies because of port of Charleston Rice a principle crop Slaves imported
North Carolina 1712 Squatters from Virginia began to enter the Carolinas Upset established aristocratic Charleston planters “North Carolinians” were more independent minded than the planters
Georgia: The “buffer colony” Georgia was intended to be a buffer colony between Spanish Florida, French Louisiana and Indians The Charity Colony Named for George II Founded by James Oglethrope
The Southern Plantation Colonies Slavery found in all colonies Bustling seaports (Charlestown) Large plantations Because of travel issues few schools Major crops were rice, tobacco, and indigo Some form of religious toleration Confrontations with Natives