Team Leadership Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the major differences between groups and teams. Explain the group performance model. List and explain the three dimensions of group types. Define the three major roles played in groups. State the differences between rules and norms. Describe cohesiveness, and explain why it is important to teams. List the four major stages of group development, and describe the appropriate leadership style usually associated with each. Explain the difference between a group manager and a team leader Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Learning Outcomes (cont’d) After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss the three parts of meetings. Define the key terms listed at the end of the chapter. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

IDEAS ON MANAGEMENT at W.L. Gore & Associates How does W. L. Gore & Associates benefit from the use of groups and teams? How does W. L. Gore’s group structure facilitate teamwork? How is group process managed at W. L. Gore? What programs are in place at W. L. Gore to foster group development? How does W. L. Gore ensure productive meetings? Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Groups and Teams and Performance Two or more members with a clear leader who perform independent jobs with individual accountability, evaluation, and rewards. Team A small number of members with shared leadership who perform interdependent jobs with both individual and group accountability, evaluation, and rewards. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Exhibit 12–1 ● Groups versus Teams Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Join the Discussion Ethics & Social Responsibility Team Players Is it necessary to be a team player to be a successful employee at JetBlue? Is it ethical and socially responsible of JetBlue to reject job candidates because they are not team players? Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Exhibit 12–2 ● Group Performance Model Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Structure Group Type Group Composition Group Leadership Group Objectives Group Size Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Types Formal Groups Informal Groups Functional Groups Recognized (and established) by the organization. Informal Groups Self-formed, not officially recognized by the organization. Functional Groups Members from a limited organizational area. Cross-Functional Groups Members from different organizational areas and/or levels. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Exhibit 12–3 ● Functional and Cross-Functional Groups Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Types (cont’d) Command Groups Task Groups Global Virtual Team Consists of managers and their employees. Task Groups Consists of employees selected to work on a specific objective. Task Force Temporary group formed for a specific purpose. Standing Committee A permanent group that works on continuing organizational issues. Global Virtual Team Team members are located in different places but work together as a team using telecommunications technologies. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Size, Structure, Composition, and Leadership Teams versus Groups Groups tend to be larger than teams Teams tend to have few members Number in Group Groups are more formal and tend toward autocratic leadership Teams are informal and tend to have participative leadership Leadership and Structure Members should be diverse and have complementary skills Diverse teams outperform homogeneous groups Group Composition Groups have broadly-defined (organizational) objectives Teams develop their own objectives Leadership and Objectives Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Exhibit 12–4 ● Dimensions of Group Structure Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Process Group Process Group Process Dimensions The patterns of interactions that emerge as members perform their jobs. Group Process Dimensions Include roles, norms, cohesiveness, status, decision making, and conflict resolution. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Process (cont’d) Group Roles Task roles Members who do and say things that directly aid the accomplishment of the group’s objectives. Maintenance roles Members who do and say things to develop and sustain the group process. Self-interest roles Members who do and say things to hurt the group and help the themselves. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Process (cont’d) Group Norms The group’s shared expectations of its members’ behavior. Norms develop spontaneously through the interactions of group members. Compliance with norms is enforced by the group. Leaders should work toward maintaining and developing positive norms. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Join the Discussion Ethics & Social Responsibility Norms Should employees be able to “do their own thing” without group enforcement of norms? Is it ethical and socially responsible for groups to develop and enforce norms? If yes, what type of ethical standards should a group have? Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Process (cont’d) Group Cohesiveness The extent to which members stick together. Factors positively influencing cohesiveness: Agreement with and commitment to objectives Small size Homogeneity among group members Equal level of member participation Focus on external competition A successful group Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Group Process (cont’d) Status within the Group Status is the perceived ranking of one member relative to other members in the group. Based on performance, job title, wage or salary, seniority, knowledge or expertise, interpersonal skills, etc. High status members have a strong influence on the group and its performance. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Exhibit 12–5 ● Dimensions of the Group Process Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Stages of Group Development and Styles of Leadership 1. Orientation Autocratic leadership 2. Dissatisfaction Consultative leadership 3. Resolution Participative leadership 4. Production Empowerment leadership 5. Termination Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Model 12–1 ● Stages of Group Development and Leadership Styles Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Developing Groups into Teams Training Train the group in group process skills. The Management Functions Planning: empower members to set objectives, develop plans, and make decisions. Organizing and Staffing: have members participate in selecting, evaluating, and rewarding members. Leading: develop team leaders who can change leadership styles as the group develops. Controlling: have members monitor progress, take corrective action, and perform quality control. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Leadership Skills for Meetings Planning Meetings Objectives Participants and Assignments Agenda Date, Place and Time Leadership Technology Conducting Meetings Three Parts of Meetings Identify Objectives Cover agenda items Summarize and review assignments Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Exhibit 12–6 ● Meeting Plan Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Leadership Skills for Meetings (cont’d) Handling Problem Members Silent Type Talker Wanderer Bored Member Arguer Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

KEY TERMS command groups global virtual teams group group cohesiveness group composition group performance model group process group process dimensions group roles group structure dimensions group types norms stages of group development status task groups team team leaders Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.