 IMPERIALISM ◦ Stronger country taking over a weaker country  NATIONALISM ◦ Pride in your country/nationality  MILITARISM ◦ Glorification of the military  SECRET ALLIANCE SYSTEM ◦ Secret friendships that countries have saying they will help them in times of war/crisis

 Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophia by the a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand.

 England  France  Russia  Italy  U.S.

 Germany  Austria - Hungary  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria

 Lusitania ◦ British passenger ship; 1,198 killed, 128 Americans  Sussex Pledge ◦ Germany promises to change its tactics, if the U.S. persuaded England to lift its blockade against food & fertilizer  Resumptions of Submarine Warfare

1. Kinship with Britain due to common language, culture, & history 2. Friendship with France dating back to revolutionary war support

1. Dislike of Germany’s militarism 2. Attempted sabotage in the U.S. 3. Zimmerman Note  Plot to draw Mexico into war against the U.S.

 America, due to British blockade of Germany, sold goods to Allies  Lent money to Allies & would only get it back if Allies won the war

 Wilson’s proclamation to “make the world safe for democracy,” and a “war to end all wars.”

 If Germany were victorious, it would have replaced democratic Britain as dominant power in Europe. It would leave U.S. without allies on the European continent

 Always in times of war & crisis, the President’s power increases

 Improve production by encouraging mass production

 Settled disputes between management & labor; agreed not to strike in exchange for the right to collectively bargain

 Operated nation’s RR’s as a single system

 Regulated supplies of coal & oil

 Encouraged Americans to eat corn & send their wheat abroad  Farmers produced more

 Raised taxes, both income & excise  Borrow money through bonds called Liberty & Victory

Selective Service Act  Draft lottery; men American Contributions  America comes to the rescue with fresh troops and supplies

1. Like popular sovereignty; people choose what gov’t they want 2. Freedom of the seas 3. Right of nations to free trade 4. Fair adjustments of colonial territories 5. End to secret alliances 6. Arms reduction – Germany had to reduce # of weapons 7. Formation of the LEAGUE OF NATIONS

1. War guilt – Germany blamed for the war - Germany had to take full responsibility 2. Germany had to pay reparations equal to $33 billion 3. Germany lost her colonial possession in Africa, Asia, & territory in Europe 4. Germany was disarmed and army was limited to 100,000 men 5. Each nation that signed the treaty had to join the League of Nations

 Would end U.S. isolation  Wilson did not include Senate Republicans

 Did not include all major nations (U.S.)  Lacked power to tax & draft army  Decisions required unanimous vote

 Strikes blamed on communists  Attorney Gen. Palmer organized raids of suspected “Reds”  Thousands of “suspected” Communists arrested & deported

 Distrust of immigrants being radical & taking jobs  Cut off immigration from Southern & Eastern Europe Sacco – Vanzetti Trial ◦ Two Italian born anachists are put to death for robbery & murder. Weak evidence, many believed they were convicted b/c they were Italian

 Many blacks go north to avoid segregation & find jobs

 Klan membership rises  Becomes politically active