Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 11 Skeletal System Lecture Outline Part 2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

The axial skeleton Skull – made of cranium and facial bones Hyoid bone 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton The axial skeleton Skull – made of cranium and facial bones Hyoid bone Vertebral column – vertebrae and intervertebral disks Rib cage – ribs and sternum

The skull and the cranium 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton The skull and the cranium The cranium protects the brain. is composed of 8 bones. has some bones that contain the ______.

The skull and the cranium 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton The skull and the cranium Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. parietal bone maxilla palatine bone frontal bone zygomatic bone vomer bone sphenoid bone nasal bone ethmoid bone lacrimal bone temporal bone zygomatic bone maxilla occipital bone foramen magnum external auditory canal styloid process occipital bone mandible a. b. Figure 11.3 The bones of the skull.

Bones of the face and the hyoid bone 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton Bones of the face and the hyoid bone Facial bones Mandible Maxillae Zygomatic bones Nasal bones ________ Only bone that does not articulate with another bone

Bones of the face and the hyoid bone 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton Bones of the face and the hyoid bone Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. frontal bone temporal bone nasal bone larynx zygomatic bone maxilla mandible hyoid bone a. b. c. b: © Corbis RF Figure 11.4 The bones of the face and the location of the hyoid bone.

The vertebral column Types of vertebrae Intervertebral disks 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton The vertebral column Types of vertebrae 33 vertebrae Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (4 fused into tailbone) Intervertebral disks Fibrocartilage between vertebrae

The vertebral column 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 2 3 Seven cervical vertebrae in neck region form cervical curvature. 4 5 spinous process of vertebra 6 7 rib facet of vertebra (only on thoracic vertebrae) 1 2 3 4 5 Twelve thoracic vertebrae form thoracic curvature. Ribs attach here. 6 7 8 9 intervertebral foramina 10 11 12 transverse processof vertebra 1 Five lumbar vertebrae in small of back form lumbar curvature. 2 intervertebral disks 3 4 5 Sacrum: Five fused vertebrae in adult form pelvic curvature. Coccyx: Usually three to five fused vertebrae form the “tailbone.” Figure 11.5 The vertebral column.

The rib cage Rib(s) Sternum Protect the heart and lungs 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton The rib cage Rib(s) Protect the heart and lungs Flattened bone originating from the __________ vertebrae 12 pairs 7 pairs true ribs 3 pairs false ribs 2 pairs floating ribs Sternum Known as the breastbone

The rib cage 11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. superior articular facet for a vertebra body vertebral canal articular facets for a rib spinous process transverse process a. 1 thoracic vertebra 2 3 manubrium 4 true ribs 5 body sternum 6 7 xiphoid process 8 false ribs ribs 9 10 12 costal cartilage 11 b. floating ribs Figure 11.6 The thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.

The appendicular skeleton 11.3 Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton Pectoral girdle and upper limb Pelvic girdle and lower limb

The appendicular skeleton 11.3 Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pectoral girdle Scapula and clavicle Upper limb Arm and hand bones clavicle acromion process coracoid process greater tubercle glenoid cavity scapula deltoid tuberosity humerus capitulum head of radius trochlea radius ulna head of ulna carpals metacarpals Figure 11.7 The bones of the pectoral girdle and upper limb. phalanges

The appendicular skeleton 11.3 Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pelvic girdle _______ bone Lower limb Leg and foot bones ilium acetabulum head of femur coxal bone pubis neck ischium greater trochanter lesser trochanter femur medial condyle patella (kneecap) lateral epicondyle tibial tuberosity head of fibula tibia fibula medial malleolus lateral malleolus tarsals talus Figure 11.8 The coxal bones and bones of the pelvis and lower limb. metatarsals phalanges