PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS Ahmet ERSOY Occupational Health and Safety Expert Occupational Health and Safety Institute

Personal Protective Equipments ( General information about PPE)  Hearing  Sight  Foot  Respiratory  Head  Hand  Body

Responsibilities of workers  Employers must protect employees from hazards such as falling objects, harmful substances, and noise exposures that can cause injury,  Employers must: Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the controls don’t eliminate the hazards.  PPE is the last level of control!

Personal Protective Equipments  People used kinds of PPE during history. For example: Knights-armor Cowboys – leather leggings

What is PPE? PPE is defined as any device or appliance designed to be worn or held by an individual for protection against one or more health and safety hazards;

If...  The work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard, Then...  The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control.

Engineering Controls Examples...  Initial design specifications  Substitute less harmful material  Change process  Enclose process  Isolate process

Responsibilities  Employer Assess workplace for hazards Provide PPE Determine when to use Provide PPE training for employees and instruction in proper use  Employee Use PPE in accordance with training received and other instructions Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and reliable condition

PPE Program  Includes procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE  First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE  After selecting PPE, provide training to employees who are required to use it

Training  Why it is necessary  How it will protect them  What are its limitations  When and how to wear  How to identify signs of wear  How to clean and disinfect  What is its useful life & how is it disposed

Legislation 4857 Labour Law ( ) Occupational Health and Safety Issues ( )  Article77. – Employers have to take all the measures for occupational health and safety and have to supply all tools and devices ; workers are responsible to comply this measures.

DIRECTIVE 89/686/EEC  DIRECTIVE 89/686/EEC IS A “NEW APPROACH” DIRECTIVE  THE DIRECTIVE DEFINES “BASIC REQUIREMENTS”

14 PURPOSE OF THE PPE REGULATION Regulating the procedures and principles in relation to the production, importation, placing on the market, putting into service and control of ppes used for the protection of human health and safety as well as in relation to the users’ and third persons’ safety of life and property against hazards.

15 PPEs THAT ARE NOT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THIS REGULATION a) equipment that is specifically used by members of security forces and the army (helmets, shıelds, etc.), b) equipment used for self-defense (sprays), c) adverse atmospherıc conditıons (caps, shoes and clothes), d) against getting wet (dish washing gloves), heat (gloves), e) helmets and eye fenders designed for drivers of two- or three-wheel vehicles.

Official Gazette: / /686/EEC All the PPE’ s produced and sold have to have CE marking. Requirements of CE markings are determined with this regulation started to be implemented. PPE REGULATION (CE)

17 BASIC HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF PPE REGULATION GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED IN ALL PPEs: SHOULD BE ERGONOMIC  Levels and classes of protection should be identified  Should provide comfort and effectivity  Should be light and durable  Should contain information to be supplied by the manifacturer  The PPE itself should not cause hazards, should be harmless

CE Marking  French abbreviation for “Conformité Européene.”  Mandatory design review and risk identification and mitigation process.  Minimizes product risks to humans, animals, the environment.

CE Marking

 The European Union (EU) developed CE marking to harmonize product safety and health concerns in order to promote trade within the EU.  Before CE marking, manufacturers had to comply with multiple, and often inconsistent, national product compliance systems.  CE marking is managed by Directorate General Enterprise, a body in the European Commission. CE Marking

22 GUIDELINE FOR CATEGORIZATION ACCORDING TO THEIR RISKS Category-0: Equipment not recognized as ppes. for example, equipment intended for defence Category-1: Provides protection against low-level risks. these are simple equipment. for example, eye protectors and work clothes used in environments wıth +50°c temperature Category-2: All protectıve clothes. helmets and hearing protectors Category-3: Provides protection against high-level risks. for example, fall arrest equipment is of this group.

23 WHAT IS A SAFE PRODUCT?  A PRODUCT WHICH DOES NOT POSE RISK IN NORMAL PERIOD OF USE AND UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS, OR  THAT POSE RISK AT AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL, AND  THAT MEETS THE BASIC HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS SUCH AS PROTECTING PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL, PLANT AND ANIMAL EXISTENCE.

24 HOW IS THE SAFETY OF A PRODUCT IS ASSESSED? A PRODUCT THAT:  CONFORMS TO ITS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS,  CONFORMS TO THE STANDARDS THAT REFER TO THE NEW APPROACH LEGISLATION THAT REQUIRES CE MARKING IS RECOGNIZED AS SAFE.

25 CE MARKING IS NOT A QUALITY BUT SAFETY MARKING. CE ASSURANCE

CERTIFICATION Category I Simple Design Category I Simple Design Category II Category III Complex Design Category III Complex Design Product Quality Investigation System Technical File EC Type Examination EC Quality Control System for End Product EC Declaration of Conformity 0312

USERS MANUAL a. Producer’s or accredited representative’s name and adress b.Information about using,cleaning, maintenance, repair, storage, disinfection, of PPE c.Protection level and performance test results that belong to PPE, d. Useful life for PPE e. Packaging type for appropriate transport f. Meanings of marking (ideogram,pictogram etc), g. Standart referance number(if needed) h. Notified bodie’s name, address, identity number

HEAD PROTECTION

Head protection is required whenever there in a danger of being hit in the head from flying or propelled objects or falling objects or materials. Bumping head against objects, such as pipes or beams. Contact with exposed electrical wiring or components. HEAD PROTECTION

How it protect you?  It shows endurance against hits,  It averts shock hits,  It shows nonconductive (insulating) property against electrical shocks,  It shows protective property against chemicals for head and shoulders.

HEAD PROTECTION USING OF HELMET Helmets should be used at all zones except office area.It is imperative. Helmets should be worn facing front of the trenches. To ensure full protection of helmets per fully fit your needs. Each day before inserting your helmets,you should check against cracks. Holes should not be opened on the helmets.

HEAD PROTECTION Maintenance of helmets: Under normal conditions, your helmets protect you for 2 or 3 years. Helmets should be cleaned periodically (at least once a month ) To clean helmets; Hold in soapy warm water for 5-10 minutes Rinse with clean water Dry Corrosive substances and chemical solvents should not be used for cleaning the helmets.

EYE PROTECTION

35 Eye Protection - Eye Protection - Why It’s Needed  Historically, we have between 300 – 500 eye injuries a year.

36 Wh Eye Protection - When Is It Needed? When any of these hazards are present: Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust Corrosive gases, vapors, and liquids Molten metal that may splash Potentially infectious materials such as blood or hazardous liquid chemicals that may splash Intense light from welding and lasers

37 Safety Glasses Types of Eye Protection

38 Eye Protection Criteria for Selection  Protects against specific hazard(s)  Comfortable to wear  Does not restrict vision or movement  Durable and easy to clean and disinfect  Does not interfere with the function of other required PPE

39 Eye Protection for Employees Who Wear Eyeglasses Ordinary glasses do not provide the required protection Proper choices include: Prescription glasses with side shields and protective lenses Goggles that fit comfortably over corrective glasses without disturbing the glasses Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind protective lenses

40 Safety Glasses Made with metal/plastic safety frames Most operations require side shields Used for moderate impact from particles produced by jobs such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling

41 Goggles  Protects eyes and area around the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes.  Some goggles fit over corrective lenses.

42 Laser (Welding) Safety Goggles Protects eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers.

43 Face Shields  Full face protection.  Protects face from dusts and splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids.  Does not protect from impact hazards.  Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath.

44 Welding Shields Protects eyes against burns from radiant light Protects face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, & slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting

Respiratory Devices

 Dust  Fog  Fume  Gas Respiratory Protection

 Dust level  Dust type  Mask protection type (P1,P2,P3)

 Appropriate filter choice.  O2 concentration must be high then %19,5.  Must be worn without beard and long muctahce Respiratory Protection

Using Rules of Mask:  Must be worn in clear places  Must be taken off with clear hands after the work  Must be keep in clear places  Must be light  Requires less maintaince  Not to fold and store in pocket  Field of vision must be prevent

HEARING PROTECTION

52 Hearing Protection – when is it required?  There are regulations that state when hearing protection is mandatory; however, a good rule of thumb is that hearing protection should be used if you have to shout at someone standing 3 feet away from you to be heard over the noise.  The two most frequent problems L&I encounters are people not wearing the hearing protection when it is required or not wearing it correctly.

53 Effects of Noise Exposure  Hearing loss from noise exposure is usually not noticed because it is so gradual.  Often the first noticeable effect is difficulty in hearing speech.  Usually a person loses the ability to hear higher pitches first. Hearing Loss From Noise Exposure

54 Effects of Noise Exposure The damage from exposure to noise occurs in the inner ear. There are tiny hair cells in this part of the ear that are flattened out when exposed to noise. Damage occurs in this part of the ear

 If the exposure is short, the hair cells raise back up. If the exposure is long or extremely loud, the hair cells don’t recover and hearing ability is reduced.  When all the hair cells are damaged, complete deafness occurs.  “People who say they are “used to the noise” often have already lost some of their hearing.” Effects of Noise Exposure

56  The WISHA noise regulations require that we have at least 2 types of hearing protection to choose from.  There are three types of hearing protection – ear muffs, earplugs and ear caps.  Ear muffs and earplugs provide about equal protection, ear caps somewhat less. Types of Hearing Protection earmuffs earplugs ear caps

57  All hearing protectors are designed to reduce the intensity (loudness) of noise to the inner ear.  They work much better than wads of cotton or bits of cloth stuffed in the ear.  All three types have advantages and disadvantages and people vary on which they prefer to use. Types of Hearing Protectors Cotton doesn’t work!! 13

58 Ear Plugs  Earplugs are made of foam, rubber or plastic and are either one-size- fits-all or in sizes small, medium and large.  Some are disposable, some are reusable.  They are lightweight, and require no maintenance.  They are inserted into the ear canal. Some earplugs have little “handles” for use in dirty environments.

59 Foam type earplugs are one-size-fits-all and must be inserted properly into the ear. Foam Earplugs Inserting Foam Earplugs Roll earplug into small cylinder first, then insert in ear.

The technique for inserting earplugs is to first, roll the earplug into a small cylinder, pull the ear up and back, this opens the ear canal. Push the ear plug into the ear canal and hold there for a few seconds until it expands and fills the ear canal. This will provide the tightest fit and greatest protection.

61 Inserting Foam Earplugs Earplug incorrectly inserted Earplug correctly inserted

62 Do not have same noise reduction as earplugs or ear muffs because they do not penetrate the ear canal and the seal is not as tight as earplugs More expensive than earplugs and disposable tips are not as readily available People tend to use when dirty like the ones in the photo Not the best choice for a logging environment Facts About Earcaps

63  Some muffs are attached to hardhats or goggles and are somewhat less protective than stand alone earmuffs.  Some high-tech muffs can filter out certain frequencies or have radios inside for communication in high noise areas.  Earplugs can be worn under earmuffs for really loud noise levels Attached Earmuffs 19

64 Effects of Noise Exposure Daily Allowable Exposure Times to Noise The table below shows noise levels and how long a person can be exposed without hearing protection before there is damage to the ear. Noise LevelAllowable Exposure Time 85 decibels8 hours 90 decibels4 hours 100 decibels1 hour 105 decibels30 minutes 110 decibels15 minutes 115 decibels0 minutes

65 Foot Protection

66 When Must Foot Protection be Provided? When any of these are present:  Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet  Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce ordinary shoes  Molten metal that might splash on feet  Hot or wet surfaces  Slippery surfaces

67 Safety Shoes  Impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles protect against hot surfaces common in roofing and paving.  Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds.  May be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards.

68 Training  Why it is necessary  How it will protect them  What are its limitations  When and how to wear  How to identify signs of wear  How to clean and disinfect  What is its useful life & how is it disposed If employees are required to use PPE, train them:

69 Body Protection

70 Major Causes of Body Injuries  Intense heat  Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids  Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials  Cuts  Hazardous chemicals  Radiation

71 Body Protection Criteria for Selection  Provide protective clothing for parts of the body exposed to possible injury  Types of body protection: Vests Aprons Jackets Coveralls Full body suits Coveralls

OSHA Office of Training and Education72 Cooling Vest Sleeves and Apron Body Protection Full Body Suit

BODY PROTECTION/COVERALLS  Should provide comfort of movement  Selection and way it protects wearer vary from vendor to vendor Disposable Coveralls

HAND PROTECTION

 Milled Nitrile Use where sense of touch is a must Stand up to mechanical abuse  Natural Rubber Good pliability over large temperature range Long term resistance to chemicals & acids  Vinyl Coated Chemical & abrasion resistant Use for handling oils, acids, caustics, most solvents HAND PROTECTION

Fall from height