Nationalism and Sectionalism Essential Questions: In what ways can geography lead to political, economic, and cultural conflict? Can a nation respect regional differences and create a national identity at the same time?

sectionalist Do Now Define these two terms in your binder: Nationalism Sectionalism You may use the glossary Who do you think would be more likely to argue in favor of states’ rights, a nationalist or a sectionalist? sectionalist

Nationalism vs. Sectionalism An early example: Should Congress have the power to regulate foreign trade? Under the Articles of Confederation, it did not. This had proven to be a problem. It was clearly in the nation’s best interest to give Congress this power. In 1785, James Monroe recommended amending the Articles to give Congress more control over foreign trade.

Slaveholders Object Southerners were afraid Congress would end the slave trade. For them, the economic interests of their region (or section) outweighed the interests of the nation as a whole – SECTIONALISM! United States in 1787

President Washington’s Cabinet Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State From Chapter 6, Section 1 Notes (3/6)

Democratic-Republicans Also see chart on page 185 Hamilton vs. Jefferson Hamilton Jefferson Favors strong central government Economy based on shipping and manufacturing Loose interpretation of the Constitution Pay foreign debt and assume states’ debt Close relationship with Britain Favors strong state and local governments Economy based on farming Strict interpretation of the Constitution Pay foreign debt only Close relationship with France Democratic-Republicans Sectionalists Nationalists Federalists

Red States vs Blue States Issues Connector Sectionalism and National Politics (1775 – 2004) Causes of the War of 1812 Red States vs Blue States Effects of the War of 1812

Issues Connector Answer the following questions in this order: #4 #3 #2 #6 #8

The War of 1812: Causes As Thomas Jefferson begins his second term as US President in 1804, Britain and France are at war . . . again (big surprise, right?) The renewed fighting threatens American shipping: British blockade French ports to keep ships from entering Both Britain and France seize American ships, take cargo Rumors circulate of impressment – seizing American ships and forcing sailors to serve in the British Navy

War of 1812: Causes President Jefferson convinces Congress to declare an embargo – or ban on exports. The embargo, which was meant to hurt Europe, also hurt American merchants, sailors, and farmers. The Embargo is lifted in 1809, except against Britain and France.

The War of 1812: Causes Meanwhile . . . Tecumseh – Shawnee chief – tries to unite Native Americans in the Midwest Wanted to protect their homeland against invading white settlers 1811 – they launch an unsuccessful attack against Gen. William Henry Harrison It is discovered that the British had supplied them with the weapons used in the attack War of 1812 Video

The War of 1812: Outcome The War of 1812 divided the nation along geographic and party lines (see Issues Connector) In the end, national economic interests outweighed sectional opposition: To protect American trade President Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war; Congress approved the declaration in early June. The U.S. defeated Britain and a peace agreement was signed on Christmas Eve, 1814.

The War of 1812: Outcome The peace treaty did not address the issue of impressment, but it did reopen trade between the U.S. and Britain. Later, the two nations were able to reach an agreement establishing the US-Canadian border. Future U.S. President General Andrew Jackson was hailed as a national hero.

The War of 1812: Outcome After the war, the U.S. entered an “Era of Good Feelings” – a brief period of time (1815 – 1824) when strong feelings of nationalism swept the country. Star Spangled Banner became national anthem Uncle Sam became national symbol Sectional conflicts, however, did not disappear (see Missouri Compromise on pages 222 – 223).

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State’s Rights vs Federal Authority Pages 322 - 323