The Baroque Architecture in Italy

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Presentation transcript:

The Baroque Architecture in Italy

The Church of Il Gesu, Mother Church of the Jesuit Order, signals a new era in Italian architecture and its relationship to the Roman Catholic Church. Giacomo Vignola (1568-1576) Giacomo della Porta

As a symbol of the Counter-Reformation, the Gesu solution for façade and interior provides a flexible “corporate” image for the Church in small and large structures alike. Santa Susanna by Carlo Maderno, 1597-1603 St. Peter’s Basilica, façade & nave by Carlo Maderno, 1606-12

St. Peter’s Basilica, nave Dome and Altar of St. Peter

Gianlorenzo Bernini At St. Peter’s St. Longinus The Baldacchino (or Ciborium)

The High Altar with the Doctors of the Church and the Cathedra Petri

Bernini’s symbolism of the Church Triumphant and the new Rome: the vivification of the main processional axis

The Piazza and Colonnade: the Church embraces the world

The power of the Church as an institution takes expression in the new churches of the 17th century. Along with it other kinds of forces also appear, including dynamism (energy and motion), spatial fluidity, and the destruction of limits and boundaries leading to the notion of “continuum.” Saints Luca and Martina, by Pietro da Cortona, 1634-69

Energy can be perceived in the nervous perimeter established by the entablature over the wall columns. The interior becomes part of a continuum that is not clearly bounded in the layered wall system. The interior is no longer a container delimited by wall planes but a locus of forces.

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (St. Charles at the Four Fountains) by Borromini, 1634

The dynamic energies of Italian Baroque architecture were explored by many designers and artists. Saint Ivo della Sapienza by Francesco Borromini, 1642

Chapel of the Holy Shroud, Turin by Guarino Guarnini, 1667ff

San Lorenzo, Turin, by Guarino Guarnini, 1668-80

Ceiling Frescoes Ceiling Frescoes Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel

Annibale Carracci, Loves of the Gods, Farnese Gallery 1597-1601

Guido Reni, Aurora, 1613-1614 Guido Reni, Aurora, 1613-1614

Pietro da Cortona, Triumph of the Barberini, 1633-1639

Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Triumph of the Name of Jesus, 1676-1679

Fra Andrea Pozzo, Glorification of Saint Ignatius, 1691-1694