1. Baroque Architecture : ca1600-1800 Lecture By -- Ar. Bindu Agarwal Subject - Theory of Design – AR 606 For : B.Arch -- VI Semester students

2. Time line :Ages of western art - can be divided into 8 ages

3. Introduction to Baroque  Baroque is the style in western art from a period 16 th century to the middle of 18 th century.  Baroque started in 16 th century, born in Rome (Europe) and spread in Italy, Spain, Holland, France & England.  Worked on Large scale with the aim of making Rome the most beautiful city of the Christianity world.  It is an era distinct from both Renaissance and modern  It express spirit of counter reformation & wealth of Catholic churches  counter reformation -the movement within the Roman Catholic Church that followed the Protestant (Christians) Reformation of the 16th century)  Catholic church -Christian churches which were ruled by Pope in Rome  It is an era different from both Renaissance & modern  Found almost throughout Europe and Latin America, they differ notably from one country to another  Style of absolutism (the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.)

4. Characteristics of typical Baroque architecture Famous for Drama and art too Fantastic style – ornate Bronze dramatic interior effects Rich color & rich decoration used Dramatic contrast between light and shadow in paintings Controlled line work & Strong curves used Twisting columns Theatrical effects include light coming from cupolas A large open central space clusters of sculptures New explosion of form i.e. an Irregular shape

5. Characteristics of typical Baroque architecture Remarkable Art & Architecture Heavier ornamentation & had religious influence combined with classical elements External facades often characterized by a dramatic central projections Floor plans were ellipse or oval or far more complex schemes derived from complicated geometrical figures broader nave & large scale ceiling frescos Dynamic rhythm of columns and pilasters, central massing, decorative Interior : painting, sculptures, stucco, use of gold, massive mirrors Dramatic use of light: strong light and shade contrasts or uniform lighting Pear shaped domes, The High Baroque altar of Saint John's Co-CathedralSaint John's Co-Cathedral

6. Distinguish Designers of Baroque Architecture in Italy – style is complex, abstract & systematic to share with other artist BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE TIMELINE Distinguish Designers of Baroque Architecture in Italy – style is complex, abstract & systematic to share with other artist

7. The Early Baroque in Italy : Ar. Carlo MADERNO ( 1556-1629): Saint Peter's Beginning of baroque style Completing long past church of St. Peter’s Rome Saint Peter's church features a mixture of Renaissance and Baroque components Pope had decided to add nave to Michelangelo's building, converting into Basilica Prior to Maderno, Saint Peter's had featured a central plan design, upon which various architects had worked (especially Michelangelo). Maderno converted the building into a Latin cross basilica by extending the nave, thus pushing the main entrance of the church forward. Saint Peter's can therefore be roughly divided into two parts: the core(designed largely by Michelangelo) and the front extension (designed by Maderno).

8. Ar. Carlo MADERNO ( 1556-1629): Saint Peter's The great dome of Saint Peter's is also chiefly Michelangelo's work, though Maderno did adjust its proportions (by stretching it vertically). St Peter's also makes extensive use of coffered ceilings, a common feature of monumental Western architecture. (A "coffer" is a sunken ceiling panel, typically square, rectangular, or octagonal in shape.) The design for façade follows the pattern established symmetrical for the exterior of church The facade of Saint Peter's contains a number of typical Baroque elements, including double columns (close-set pairs of columns), colossal columns(columns that span multiple stories)

9. The spacing of sports become closer, pilasters turn into columns and the façade walls projects step by step. Rhythm is there Façade in depth broken pediment & layered pilasters Example of Broken Pediment and Layered Pilaster (Saint Peter's Basilica) Saint Peter's Basilica

10. CARLO MADERNO, Nave with BERNINI’s at crossing, St. Peter’s Rome

11. High Baroque-ca. 1625-75 : Bernini and Borromini The two foremost names in Baroque architecture are Bernini and Borromini, both of whom worked primarily in Rome. Baldachin at Saint Peter's, Bernini

12. The High Baroque in Italy BERINI – ARCHITECT Mardeno’s work was completed by Bernini, the greatest sculptor architect of the century. Two masterpieces of Gian Lorenzo Bernini are found at St Peter'- baldachin that stands over the high altar. (A baldachin is an indoor canopy over a respected object, such as an altar or throne.) The other is the curving colonnades that frame St Peter's Square. He molded the open spaces in front of façade into a magnificent oval piazza. The atrium frames by colonnades. Worked on interior, measure of warmth. He began by design of huge bronze canopy under the dome for the main alter. Corkscrew columns (antique) Beautiful motif Simple designing Ariel view of St. Peter’s Rome, Nave and façade by Carlo Maderno, 1607-15; colonnade by Gianlorenzo Bernini designed 1657

13. Church by Borromini Sant'Ivo alla SapienzaSant'Ivo alla Sapienza by Francesco BorrominiFrancesco Borromini Sant'Andrea al Quirinale, Bernini

14. BORROMINI- ARCHITECT ( 1599 – 1667 ) High Baroque in Italy: BORROMINI- ARCHITECT ( 1599 – 1667 ) FARANCESCEO BORROMINI- designing is very opposite. Created tension between two styles. His designs are very complex. He pulled out the shapes by pressure that no previous building have withstood. He merged architecture and sculptor in the structures. First time this type of fusion have been seen. There was nothing similar. Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Borromini

15. Baroque French Chateau Baroque French Church Architect Francois Mansart (1598 – 1666) foundation of Boroque classicism in architecture. Pure in form The Late Baroque marks the ascent of France as the heart of Western culture. Baroque art of France (and northern Europe generally) it can be described as a classical- Baroque compromise. The most distinctive element of French Baroque architecture is the double- sloped mansard roof (a French innovation). France and England Late Baroque : France and England

16. France and England: Versailles Late Baroque : France and England: Versailles The most famous Baroque structures of France are magnificent chateaux (grand country residences), greatest of which is the Palace of Versailles. One of the largest residences on earth, Versailles was built mainly under Louis XIV, whose patronage of the arts helped propel France to the crest of Western culture. The palace facade admirably illustrates the classical-Baroque compromise of northern Europe. The walls are characterized largely by simple planar classicism, although they do contain such Baroque elements as sculpted busts, a triple stringcourse, double pilasters, and colossal pilasters. Additionally, the mansard roof features a sinuous metal railing and rich molding around the dormer windows. Versailles became Europe's model of palace architecture, inspiring similarly grand residences throughout the continent. Versailles' most famous room is the Hall of Mirrors, whose mirrors have the same dimensions as the windows they stand opposite. Facade of VersaillesHall of Mirrors (Versailles) Plan of Versailles

17. ROCOCO ARCHITECTURE : Approx 1700-1750 Though most Rococo art was centered in France (the birthplace of the style), Rococo architecture culminated in Austria and southern Germany, especially in the form of churches. It started as a late baroque response first in interior design and moved into architecture, music and painting. It is a decorative & lavish style. No religious influence rather than aristocratic influence. Fanciful organic, curved asymmetrical and elaborate ornamentation. Curves and scrolls More white and less of gold used. Semi abstract ornamentation, light in weight Rococo artists embraced the curves and elaborate ornament of Baroque, but reigned in its weighty drama. The result was a gentle, playful style typified by pastel colours and delicate, asymmetrical decoration. Late Baroque or Rococo; the Wieskirche in Bavaria by Domini kus Zimmermann (1745–54)RococoWieskircheBavariaDomini kus Zimmermann

18. ROCOCO ARCHITECTURE : Approx 1700-1750

19. Cupola frescoes of the Gesù by GaulliGaulli (Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church).Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church Façade of the Church of the Gesù, the first truly baroque façadeChurch of the Gesù