Chapter 9-4: Greek Achievements Pages: 277-283

Bell Work What is one of the greatest Greek buildings (architecture)? Who were the 3 great philosophers? What type of writings are the Greeks known for? What happened to Socrates? What is one thing the Greeks discovered about math? What did ancient Greek philosophers want to find out? What did the engineer Archimedes create? Who wrote The Republic? What is the Socratic Method? Who believed that moderation was based on reason and people should make inferences?

Essential Questions What great contributions did the Greeks make to the arts? What teachings are the base of modern philosophy? Explain. What key discoveries did the Greeks make in math, medicine, and engineering?

Greek Achievements The Big Idea Ancient Greeks made lasting contributions in the arts, philosophy, and science. Main Ideas The Greeks made great contributions to the arts. The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the basis of modern philosophy. In science, the Greeks made key discoveries in math, medicine, and engineering.

Main Idea 1: The Greeks made great contributions to the arts. Greek statues look as though they could come to life at any time, because Greek artists wanted to show how beautiful people could be. Greek paintings are known for their realism and detail. The Greeks made temples with rows of tall columns rounded in the middle so they appear perfectly straight. The Parthenon was their most impressive temple. (also known as the Temple of Athena. The Greeks excelled at writing. They created dramas, or plays in honor of the gods. Sophocles and Aeschylus (dramatist) Comedies by Aristophanes (fun in war) The Greeks were the first to write about history. Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War Tried to be neutral in his writings

Statue of Athena inside of the Parthenon by Phidias (fedeus)

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Cool Fact Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Main Idea 2: The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the basis of modern philosophy. Socrates taught by asking questions, a technique we call the Socratic method. He wanted people to question their beliefs and look for knowledge. This angered and frightened people. He was arrested and condemned to death for questioning the authority of the gods. Plato and Aristotle followed after Socrates in their pursuit for knowledge and deeper understanding of the human mind and the world. Plato was a student of Socrates who created a school called the Academy. One of his most famous writings was The Republic; it describes Plato’s ideal society based on justice and fairness. Aristotle considered the greatest Greek thinker. He thought people should be reasonable. He created the idea of deductive reasoning, drawing conclusions, and making inferences.

What is deductive reasoning and inferences? For example, if Socrates lives in Athens and Athens is in Greece, you can conclude that Socrates lives in Greece. This idea inspired many later Greek scientist.

Trial and Death of Socrates

Plato and Aristotle Plato had been a student of Socrates. Plato created a school, the Academy, to discuss ideas. He also wrote The Republic, which described his ideal society. Aristotle was Plato’s student. He taught about living life in moderation, or balance. He believed moderation was based on reason, or clear and ordered thinking.

Main Idea 3: In science, the Greeks made key discoveries in math, medicine, and engineering. Euclid (you-clid) spent his life studying mathematics, especially geometry. Lines, angles, and shapes Hypatia Mathematics and astronomy Greek doctors studied the human body to understand how it worked and what caused diseases. Hippocrates was a Greek doctor known for his ideas about how doctors should behave. Hippocratic Oath Engineers like Archimedes made great discoveries, such as the water screw, which brought water to the fields.

Hippocrates says What you eat and where you live affects how you smell.

Quick Questions What is one of the greatest Greek buildings (architecture)? Who were the 3 great philosophers? What type of writings are the Greeks known for? What happened to Socrates? What is one thing the Greeks discovered about math? What did ancient Greek philosophers want to find out? What did the engineer Archimedes create? Who wrote The Republic? What is the Socratic Method? Who believed that moderation was based on reason and people should make inferences?

Water Screw

Project Assessment: Newspaper

Newspaper Assignment Instructions Newspaper title and entry titles 5 entries 2 pictures Colored Focus: Greek Information learned in Chapter 8 and 9 Newspaper Form (see picture to the right) Use dark markers for writing