Psy 203 Chapter 2

Nature Sex Chromosome Chromosomal Abnormalities Genetic Inheritance Birth

Sex Chromosome Twenty-third pair Female XX Male XY Male determines the sex

Chromosomal Abnormalities Down Syndrome XXX or XXY Turner Syndrome (XO)

Down Syndrome Failure of the 21 st pair of chromosome to separate during meiosis. May inherit three chromosomes.

XXX or XXY Verbal difficulties with reading and vocabulary.

Turner Syndrome (XO) Spatial relationships

Genetic Inheritance Inherit genes Homozygous- alike (bb) (DD) Heterozygous- different (Bb) Dominant- the gene that will express. (DD) Recessive- will not express. (Bb)

PKU Both parents have to carry the recessive genes. Both parents are heterozygous. 25% are likely to inherit this disorder. The body is unable to produce proteins or enzymes needed to convert certain toxic chemicals into nontoxic products or to transport substances from one place to another.

PKU Continued Infant’s heal is pricked and a few drops of blood are taken. 24 hours, less than 7 days Damages CNS and causes mental retardation. Low protein diet. Carriers have higher Phenylalanine in urine.

Sickle Cell Anemia Red blood cells are produced but they become sickle shape, which causes red blood cells to lose their oxygen carrying capacity. Blood flow is blocked. Causes pain. Detected from blood test. Both parents are carrier of recessive genes.

Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia Bone marrow transplant Pain medication Drinking water Penicillin Folic acid Hydroxyurea

Huntington Disease Progressive brain disorder that causes uncontrolled movements, mental and emotional problems, and loss of thinking ability. An affected person has one affected parent.

Hemophilia Carried by females to both boy and girl children. A girl born to a woman who is a carrier is at risk of being a carrier. A boy born to a woman who is a carrier is at risk of having hemophilia. Men with hemophilia will pass the genetic coding error to all their daughters and they will be carriers. Blood fails to clot normally.

Nurture Family SES Poverty Neighborhoods