Chapter 7 Cellular respiration REVIEW

Process/Procedures 2a) Why are plants called producers? 2b) How does photosynthesis connect sunlight to energy needs of plants and animals? Answer using a paragraph or labeled diagram. 3) Why did we show you the burning of food? 4a) What do burning foods give off? 4b) How is burning the food similar to what happens in cellular respiration? 4c) Why do you think burning different foods produces different results? 5) Energy Budget in figure 7.16 shows what? 6a) What do you notice about the amount of energy transferred from one organism to another? 6b) Can you think of another example where energy budget might be used? Describe how this energy budget might look. (Example: household)

Process/Procedures 2a) Plants called producers: produce their own food 2b) Plants meet their energy needs by making sugars (photosynthesis). Animals meet their energy needs by eating plants and animals that eat plants 3) Burning food helps determine amount of kilocalories in food items 4a) Burning foods give off heat energy 4b)Similar to Cell Resp. because both process and release energy stored in food 4c) Different food store different amounts of Energy 5) 7.16 shows how much energy is transferred from one group to another 6a) Notice amount of energy between organisms is progressively less from one source to another 6b)Household: Energy comes in electrical/gas. From the power company and light energy this energy would be given off as light or heat

Reflect and Connect 1.Complete the following tasks to show your understanding of the biosynthesis and breakdown process a)Use a T-table to list examples of the biosynthesis and breakdown processes. List three examples of each. b)Describe in a few sentences why biosynthesis and breakdown processes are important for all organisms Biosynthesis Breakdown Photosynthesis cell respiration Formation starch digestion From glucose Formation of proteins breakdown of glucose from glycogen From amino acids Formation of muscles breakdown of fatty acids from fats into From proteins food 1b. Biosynthesis and breakdown reactions important: provide energy and organic molecules that organisms need for maintenance and growth

Reflect and Connect 2a.Sketch a similar diagram for an herbivore (7.20). Include organic molecules, energy, and biosynthesis and breakdown processes such as digestion and cellular respiration. 2b.Write a caption for your diagram. Your caption should be one or more sentences long and briefly describe important parts of your diagram herbivore Sugar (glucose) Amino acids Fatty acids ATP Organic molecules plants digestion Breakdown of plants Cell respiration breakdown herbivore biosynthesis Used for maintenance and growth

Reflect and Connect 3.Why can food be considered a fuel? 4.Is it possible for animals to survive without plants? Why or why not? Food can be considered a fuel because it contains Chemical Energy Animals cannot survive without plants because animals cannot make their own chemical energy. They get their energy by eating other organisms

REVIEW TIME

Cellular Respiration Occurs in the cytosol/ cytoplasm and the mitochondria Mitochondria Cytosol: jelly like substance in the cytoplasm Mitochondria: "cellular power house“, they generate most of the cell's supply of (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy

AEROBIC AND ANEROBIC RESPIRATION Aerobic Respiration Requires Oxygen Has three cycles Glycolysis Krebs's Cycle Electron Transport Chain Produces up to 38 ATP Takes place: in Cytosol/cytoplasm and mitochondria Outputs: carbon dioxide, oxygen, ATP, water Anaerobic Respiration Requires NO Oxygen Has ONE cycle Glycolysis Fermentation/lactic acid Produces up to 2 ATP Takes place: in Cytosol/cytoplasm Outputs: ATP

Cellular respiration Occurs within all living things plants and animals Is essential for survival Is the process of breaking down glucose for energy Photosynthesis uses light energy and carbon dioxide and produces glucose Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water and releases energy Reactants are: water and glucose 6 CO H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O O 2 C 6 H 12 O O 2  6 CO H 2 O + ATP Photosynthesis equation. Cellular Respiration Equation

Cellular respiration Stages of Cellular Respiration: 1.Glycolysis (Both anaerobic and aerobic) a)Located in the cytoplasm (cytosol) b)Produces ATP 2.Kreb’s Cycle a)with oxygen only b)Located in mitochondria c)Produces ATP, NADH, CO 2 3.Electron Transport a)With oxygen only b)Located in the mitochondria c)Produces ATP, water

Glycolysis First stage cellular respiration Occurs Cytosol/cytoplasm Input: glucose (6-carbon sugar) Output: two molecules of pyruvate (3-carbon sugar), small amount of ATP and NADH Krebs Cycle Second stage cellular respiration Only if oxygen is present (aerobic) Occurs Mitochondria Input: pyruvate (glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide) Output: Carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP Electron Transport Chain Third stage cellular respiration Only if oxygen is present (aerobic) Occurs Mitochondria Input: NADH (H atoms separate into hydrogen atoms and electrons. Most ATP generated. As hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen gas they make water) Output: Water, ATP

Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration: oxygen NOT required Glucose: pyruvate and small amount of ATP ATP production ends glycolysis Pyruvate is converted into other molecules Lactic acid and fermentation causes muscle soreness and fatigue in

Biosynthesis ATP provides energy for biosynthesis reactions in cells Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more complex molecules from less-complex molecules Such as the formation of starch from glucose Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and maintain their structure

FOOD CHAIN Producer : Produces own food (plants) Consumer : Cannot produce own food (animals) Herbivore: Eat plants only (deer) Carnivore: Eats only animals (wolf) Omnivore : Eats plants and animals (bear) Heterotroph : Include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, they obtain energy from other organisms living or dead (animals and fungi) Autotrophs : obtain energy from nonliving source (plants and bacteria)