1. Notes: Cellular Respiration

2. Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars and other carbon- based molecules
aerobic (requires oxygen)
Takes place in mitochondria

3. Cellular Respiration
Overall Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → →→→6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP How is this different from photosynthesis?

5. Glycolysis Means “glucose breaking”
C6H12O6 (glucose) broken into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid
Produces 2 molecules of ATP

6. Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm next to the mitochondria
Anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)
Reactant: Glucose
Product: 2 ATP and Pyruvic Acid
This will enter the mitochondria for further processing

8. Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration takes place in two main stages
Requires oxygen (aerobic)
Occurs in the mitochondria

9. Aerobic Respiration Step 1: Kreb’s Cycle
Takes place in interior space of mitochondria called the matrix (liquid inside mitochondria)
Pyruvic acid made in glycolysis are broken down further

10. Aerobic Respiration Step 1: Kreb’s Cycle
This produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and ATP.
ATP is transferred to 2nd step of aerobic respiration.
Reactants: Pyruvic Acid
Products: CO2 and 2 ATP

12. Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Electron Transport Chain
Takes place in inner membrane (cristae)
ATP is transferred to electron transport chain from Kreb’s Cycle

13. Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Electron Transport Chain
Oxygen enters process and picks up electrons and hydrogen to make H2O (water)
Many enzymes required for process
34 ATP produced for a total of 36 including glycolysis
Reactants: ATP and O2
Products: H2O and 34ATP

14. Overall Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → →→→6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

15. Fermentation Anaerobic process
Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable

16. Fermentation
Glycolysis makes 2 ATP
Better to make two than none!

17. Fermentation Types Lactic Acid Fermentation– occurs in muscle cells
2. Alcoholic Fermentation

18. Energy and Exercise Short Term Energy
Cells contain only enough ATP for a few seconds of intense activity
Then cells rely on lactic acid fermentation (can supply for about 90 seconds)
Lactic acid build-up causes burning in muscles. Only way to get rid of lactic acid is chemical pathway that requires oxygen (why you breathe heavy after heavy exercise.)

19. Energy and Exercise Long Term Energy
Cellular respiration only way to produce continuous supply of ATP
Energy stored in muscles and other tissue in form of carbohydrate glycogen
Enough glycogen for about 15 to 20 min
When glycogen used up, body breaks down other stored molecules including fats, for energy.