1. Cellular Respiration
ATP

2. Harvesting energy stored in food
Cellular respiration
breaking down food to produce ATP
Occurs in cytoplasm & mitochondria
using oxygen
“aerobic” respiration
involves digesting glucose
but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins
ATP
food O2
Movement of hydrogen atoms from glucose to water
glucose + oxygen  energy + carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6
6O2
36ATP
6CO2
6H2O  +

3. What do we need to make energy?
The “Furnace” for making energy
mitochondria
Fuel
food: carbohydrates, fats or proteins
Helpers
oxygen
enzymes
Product
ATP
Waste products
carbon dioxide
then used by plants
water
Make ATP! Make ATP! All I do all day… And no one even notices!
food
ATP
enzymes
CO2
H2O O2

4. ATP – an energy rich molecule

5. Using ATP to do work? Can’t store ATP too unstable
only used in cell that produces it
only short term energy storage
carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
work
Adenosine Diphosphate
ADP
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second
Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen!

6. Mitochondria are in Eukaryotes!!
animal cells
plant cells

7. { { { ATP A Body’s Energy Budget make energy eat food synthesis1
make energy
• energy needed even at rest
• activity
• temperature control {
ATP
eat food
• growth
• reproduction
• repair { 2
synthesis
(building)
• glycogen (animal starch)
• fat { 3
storage

8. Cellular Respiration Overview
Cellular Respiration Overall Equation
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Three Stages
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The Main form of Energy produced = ATP

9. STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Respiration occurs in three main stages
High-energy electrons carried by NADH
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
GLYCOLYSIS
KREBS CYCLE
Cytoplasmic fluid
Mitochondrion

10. 1. Glycolysis Glucose Breakdown/split Glyco = lysis =
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Molecules of GLUCOSE are broken down into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid.
Cell must use (invest) 2 ATP
Produces Energy Carrier Molecules
4 ATP
2 NADH

11. Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvic Acid Pyruvic Acid
To the Electron Transport Chain

12. The “Mighty” Mitochondria
The mitochondria is the organelle where the final stages of cellular respiration occurs.
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Cells that use a lot of energy have high numbers of mitochondria.
Example: Muscle cells in the heart!!

13. One glucose molecule completes two turns of the Kreb’s Cycle
Aerobic Process = Only if oxygen is present!!
Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria
Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form
1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2
CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!)
AKA….Citric Acid Cycle
One glucose molecule completes two turns of the Kreb’s Cycle

14. 3. Electron Transport Chain Chapter 9-2
Energy carrier molecules produced during Glycolysis and the Kreb’s Cycle enter the ETC
NADH
FADH2
Occurs in the folds of the Inner Membrane of the Mitochondria (Cristae)
The electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor…..oxygen!
So this step is aerobic (requires oxygen)
The ETC produces 32 ATP and H2O

16. Cellular Respiration Flowchart
Section 9-2
32 ATP
Glucose (C6H1206) +
Oxygen (02)
2 ATP
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) +
Water
(H2O)
2 ATP
Total
36 ATP

17. What if oxygen is missing?
No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
also known as fermentation
alcohol fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria)
can only make 2 ATP
large animals cannot survive
yeast
bacteria

18. What happens if NO OXYGEN is available??
The Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain can’t function!!
These are anaerobic conditions!!

19. O2 Fermentation The cell can use Fermentation instead!!
Occurs in the Cytoplasm
Just like glycolysis!!
A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP

20. Pyruvic Acid + NADH  alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
2 Types of Fermentation
1. Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeasts use this process to form ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as waste products.
This causes bread dough to rise
This is how some alcoholic beverages are made
glucose  2ATP + CO2+ alcohol
Pyruvic Acid + NADH  alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

21. 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in bacteria (unicellular organisms)
This is how cheese, yogurt, and pickles are made.
Occurs in muscles during rapid exercise
When your body runs out of oxygen your muscle cells must produce some ATP using fermentation and glycolysis
Lactic Acid build-up causes muscle soreness or burning after intense activity.
Pyruvic Acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD+

22. Glycolysis: Glucose  2 Pyruvic Acid
Fermentation Summary
Glycolysis: Glucose  2 Pyruvic Acid
Fermentation: 2 Pyruvic Acid  ? or ?
Alcohol
Lactic Acid