Moving Shared Print to the Network Level Emily Stambaugh ALA Annual Conference Las Vegas, NV June 27, 2014 “Looking to the Future of Shared Print” Shared Print Colloquium Sponsored by Maine Shared Collections Strategy and Center for Research Libraries

Definitions Network level = above existing consortia, existing trust networks, existing operations infrastructure (but within OCLC WorldCat and U.S. copyright regime) Extending shared print efforts to the network level and to higher risk, higher opportunity materials.

Higher risk material = print only, not digitally available, not digitally preserved. Higher opportunity material = general research publications, not special collections, not instructional materials, not odd formats, not likely mass digitization or publisher backlist candidates

Aggregate Print Collections Digitized Print Publisher -Provided e- Print only, general research pubs Higher risk, higher opportunity

Contents Benefits and important aspects of distributed, regional shared print programs The vision question for monographs Creating a user imperative for shared print Business model principles and elements for regional vs network level shared print program

Benefits of distributed, regional shared print programs Shared responsibility, shared stewardship Effective collection management and space planning strategy Informed, responsible retention and deselection decisions, now or in the future Regional coordination and distribution of responsibilities and program management provides economies of scale Opportunity for non-archive holders to contribute financially … May foster other forms of collaboration in the future

Important aspects of Distributed, Regional Shared Print Programs Collections Model Include publications in all stages of digital availability and digital preservation; work on multiple risk categories in parallel Ongoing collection analysis and retention decisions; create archiving cycles with expectations for completion and retention disclosure by a specific date

Types of Collections Analysis Planning analysis Group decision-making about “what to archive next?” Local decision-making about – Retention commitments – Deselections relative to archived holdings

Common policies and standards Disclosure policy Retention period Validation standards Resource sharing policy

Common infrastructure Union catalog (WorldCat) Disclosure in OCLC using OCLC Symbols, LHRs, 561 and 583 to support resource sharing, group and local collections analysis Group access catalog to support resource sharing

Areas for improvement Discovery – SP has reached scale – For users – For librarians, lists by archiving program for export – For librarians, routine and ad hoc deselection support Quality assurance

Membership Scale Important tension between non-archive holders and archive holders; around potential future demand on fewer retained copies For monographs perhaps focus on developing incentives for retention at scale and subsidies for demand (delivery) Roles Changing landscape of stewardship; mid-tier institutions important players; largest ARLs wary Distributed archiving is valued but there may be limits to the extent to which distribution can occur. WEST will test this in 2014.

Continuity Institutions that participate in digital preservation and shared print programs are likely to continue to participate in them over the next five years. Pricing Don’t underestimate or under-price a shared print service at startup

Vision Question for Monographs Print archive? Or shared print program? Is it enough to make retention commitments to fewer monograph copies and negotiate broader resource sharing agreements? Or shall we reframe shared print for monographs from the user perspective?

Users and services for physical goods Can we implement popular delivery services from print and digital repositories to better support research? Can/would users be willing to directly support those services? Can a financial model include library and user contributions to a bundle of services designed to transform print collections?

Powered by enhanced access services Supplied by repositories Supported by Libraries +users Direct delivery by mail Download to device Account management Queuing technology Digital (e.g. HathiTrust) Shared Collections in Storage Shared Collections in Place Archive Holders Non-Archive Holders Users Departments Cloud-service layer Discovery & Delivery Download  Ship

Benefits to Users Access to more and better books for research Convenient delivery to home or device Avoid costs of coming into to campus to get books Avoid library fines 50 books at a time, unlimited checkout period, after 50, return one to get another

Current Business Models Program costs are shared among member libraries Member libraries support certain local costs Income sources: – Grants – Member fees – In kind

Program CostsLocal Costs Program management Collections Analysis Planning Group Collection analysis Local Systems support/development For collections analysis Provide holdings records for planning and group analysis Archive Creation Validation Gap filling (requests for holdings) Disclosure (consolidated holdings) Deselection Shipping to fill gaps Disclosure Resource sharing Storage*

Digitized Print Publisher -Provided e- Print only, general research pubs Higher risk, higher opportunity Can we leverage digitized print to support retention, digital conversion and ongoing development of general, print only, research collections? Put this print to work… …to digitize this print?

Network Level Business Model Program costs are shared among member libraries and users – Credits provided for retention commitments and delivery; payable periodically – Direct subsidy provided for digitization and collection development based on # of retention commitments that year – Annual subsidy rates and collection criteria set by a governance group Member libraries support certain local costs Income sources: – Member fees – User fees – In kind Managed through institutional and individual accounts in the cloud service layer

Program CostsLocal Costs Program management Collections Analysis Planning Group Local? For archiving decisions? Collection analysis Local -for deselection and for “what to digitize next?” Systems support/development For collections analysis For Cloud Service Layer For account management, layer Provide holdings records for planning and group analysis Archive Creation Validation Gap filling (requests for holdings) Disclosure (consolidated holdings) Disclosure incentives rates Disclosure Deselection Shipping to fill gaps Resource sharing Direct delivery by mail Storage* Digitization and Collection Development Set thresholds and subsidy rates Digitization and Collection Development

Research needed Actuarial study to understand # of users, # libraries, # books at a time, actual usage rate, fee options, to achieve viability Market research into desired service parameters for direct delivery, # books, fees Appropriate incentives and subsidies ($) for a bundle of services: – Retention – Delivery by mail – Digitization – Collection development Systems Development Options – Cloud Service Layer (D&D) – Financial Management Service Layer (user /institution accounts, incentive payments) – Collection Analysis (ingest, normalization, data-mining, reporting, decision management)

Thank you! Emily Stambaugh Shared Print Manager California Digital Library University of California, Office of the President